基于SARIMA-BP神经网络组合方法的MODIS叶面积指数时间序列建模与预测

植被叶面积指数(LAI)时间序列的建模及预测是陆面过程模型和遥感数据同化方法的重要组成部分。MODIS数据产品MOD15A2是目前应用最为广泛的LAI数据源之一,然而MODIS LAI时间序列产品包含了一些低质量的数据,例如由于云层、气溶胶等的影响,该产品在时间和空间上缺乏连续性。MODIS LAI时间序列包含线性部分和外在干扰产生的非线性部分,单一的线性方法或非线性方法都不能对其精确建模和预测。首先利用Savitzky-Golay(SG)滤波和线性插值平滑受到干扰的LAI时间序列,然后采用季节自回归积分滑动平均(SARIMA)方法、BP神经网络方法及二者的组合方法(SARIMA-BP)对MODIS LAI时间序列进行建模及预测。在SARIMA-BP神经网络组合方法中,各自在线性与非线性建模的优势得以充分发挥,其中SARIMA方法用于建模及预测LAI时间序列中的线性部分,BP神经网络方法用于对非线性残差部分进行建模及预测。实验结果显示：SG滤波和线性插值后的LAI时间序列比原LAI时间序列更平滑;SARIMA-BP神经网络组合方法的决定系数为0.981,比SARIMA和BP神经网络的0.941和0.884更接近于1;SARIMA-BP神经网络组合方法的预测值同观测值之间的相关系数为0.991,高于SARIMA(0.971)和BP神经网络(0.942)的相关系数。由此得出结论：SARIMA-BP神经网络组合方法对MODIS LAI时间序列具有更好的适应性,其建模和预测准确性高于SARIMA方法或BP神经网络方法。     

基于无信息变量消除法与岭极限学习机的新型变量选择方法：以CO气体浓度反演为例

变量选择是光谱分析领域一个重要的组成部分。为了克服传统区间选择法的缺点与不足,基于无信息变量消除法和岭极限学习机提出一种新型的变量选择与评价方法。首先,利用无信息变量消除法剔除整个光谱区间中无信息的波长点;其次,为了解决传统建模方法(偏最小二乘法、BP神经网络等)存在的共线性问题,采用岭极限学习机方法建立回归模型;最后,最佳的特征光谱波长点组合利用特征选择路径图和稀疏度-误差折中曲线进行确定。CO气体的浓度反演实验结果表明：(1)利用无信息变量消除法可以有效筛选出最能表征CO气体透过光谱的特征波长点;(2)岭极限学习机方法具有快速建模、避免共线性和高精度等优点(CO气体浓度反演模型的决定系数可达0.995);(3)特征选择路径图和稀疏度-误差折中曲线可以直观地帮助用户寻找出最佳的特征波长点组合。     

矿山尾矿中微量银元素快速检测方法的研究

针对矿山尾矿中微量银元素测定的技术难题,提出了一种基于超短光路原理的能量色散X荧光能谱快速检测的方法。提高元素测量分辨率,提高样品分析效率,降低光管功率,延长仪器使用寿命。能谱系统优化了滤片以及探测器屏蔽物等设计,准直器采用对X射线基本无散射的聚四氟乙烯,达到微量银元素的检测要求。实际尾矿测试中,银的检出限达到0.1 mg·kg-1,RSD在0.1%～2.6%之间,准确度在87%～115%之间。对比尾矿、原矿及精矿的检测实验,证明了在能量色散X荧光能谱中引入超短光路设计方法,能够提升系统峰/本底比,满足微量银元素的检测要求。     

Statistical verification of crystallization in hard sphere packings under densification

The performance of various structure characteristics in the task of indicating structural peculiarities in packings of hard spheres is investigated. Various characteristics based on Voronoi polyhedra, spherical harmonics, and Delaunay simplices are considered together with the pair correlation function and the mean number of r-close triples. They are applied to a set of hard sphere packings of density φ from 0.62 to 0.72. It turns out that all used structure characteristics are able to indicate changes of order from non-crystalline to crystalline packings. However, not all of them are sensitive enough to indicate different stages of structure transformation under densification. The characteristics based on Delaunay simplices turn out to be the most sensitive for this purpose. For the models considered three principal structure classes are found: packings of densities lower than the known critical value 0.64 showing a non-crystalline behavior; packings with considerable crystalline regions for φ up to 0.66–0.67; rather complete crystals although with numerous defects for φ above 0.67.     

Evaluation of gap length fluctuation with harmonic analysis method

Gap length (GL) of reading head is one of the most critical parameters for high-density magnetic recording systems. A novel method is proposed for quantitative evaluation of the GL fluctuation among a batch of magneto-resistive/giant magneto-resistive heads with same structure design. The method works at head-gimbal assembly level and the evaluation can be done with any read/write analysis equipment. The testing process is based on harmonic analysis of the readback signal. The testing system consists of a selected reference head and sample heads for evaluation. A GL variation function is introduced for the evaluation of GL deviation between the reference head and sample head. This method proved to be easy for implementation and results suggest that variation of GL is considerable and has obvious effect on recording performance in high recording density systems.     

Micromagnetic analysis of transition noise for high-density perpendicular recording

In this paper, specific issues related to high-density perpendicular magnetic recording processes, such as transition noise properties and cross-track correlation lengths, were investigated with the help of micromagnetic analysis. The effects of media parameters were taken into consideration, including intergranular exchange coupling, and exchange distribution, irregular grain shapes, magnetization saturation distribution, and anisotropy distribution. The micromagnetic simulation results showed that the effect of anisotropy distribution on transition noise is more significant than magnetization saturation distribution, and it is crucial to reduce this effect to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, a new method to further estimate the partial erasure threshold was proposed to approximate the partial erasure effects, and the relation between the microtrack jitter and total track jitter was investigated.     

Electron attenuation lengths in fullerene and fullerides

Using X-ray photoemission measurements, we have determined the attenuation length of C 1s photoelectrons in C₆₀ film to be 21.5 Å with the incident photon energy of Mg Kα radiation. The inelastic mean free path calculated with the TPP-2M algorithm coincides fairly well with the experimentally determined attenuation length, indicating the validity of the algorithm to fullerene and fullerides. The inelastic mean free paths for some fullerides, i.e. K₃C₆₀, K₆C₆₀, Ba₄C₆₀, Sm_2.75C₆₀ and Sm₆C₆₀ are calculated to help the quantitative analyses of the photoemission spectra for these compounds.     

More precise determination of thermal lens focal length for end-pumped solid-state lasers

A method of more precise determination of the focal length of equivalent thermal lens (TL) is presented in this paper. The method is based on the diffraction theory of aberrations. By numerically calculating the optical path difference (OPD) distribution and the Strehl ratio, the focal lengths for “top-hat” pumping and Gaussian pumping are obtained and the equations for the focal lengths are presented by curve fitting. Also the equations for average pump radii are presented. The experiment on a fiber-coupled LD pumped Nd:YAG laser is carried out. The experimental results verify the validity of the method.     

少周期非均匀场下原子空间位置对高次谐波发射的影响

本文通过数值求解含时薛定谔方程,研究了少周期非均匀激光脉冲作用下氦原子选取不同的空间位置时高次谐波的发射情况.通过对原子在纳米结构空隙中心附近区域不同空间位置上的高次谐波发射情况的研究发现,非均匀激光场中,即使原子处在中心附近的很小的区域内,原子的空间位置也直接影响着高次谐波发射.随着空间内原子坐标的增大,高次谐波的截止得到扩展,且谐波平台区并非单向扩展,而是向两端同时的扩展.通过时频分析和半经典三步模型研究了高次谐波发射的物理机制,并对获得的物理现象给出合理的解释.     

烯/炔基有机共轭分子双光子吸收特性的理论研究-溶剂效应

The present work concerns the study of solvent effects on the geometrical structures, as well as one- and two-photon absorption (TPA) processes, for two series of alkyne and alkene π-bridging molecules, within the framework of the polarization continuum model. Particular emphasis was put on the characterization of solvent effects on the molecular geometrical structures and geometric distortion, which were measured by the bond-length-alternation parameter. The π centres in the compounds are seen to play a decisive role in increasing the TPA cross section and nonlinear optical properties. All studied molecules have relatively strong TPA characteristics, while the alkyne π-bridging ones yield larger TPA cross sections.