Letter: Interpolating Between the Bose-Einstein and the Fermi-Dirac Distributions in Odd Dimensions

We consider the response of a uniformly accelerated monopole detector that is coupled to a superposition of an odd and an even power of a quantized, massless scalar field in flat spacetime in arbitrary dimensions. We show that, when the field is assumed to be in the Minkowski vacuum, the response of the detector is characterized by a Bose-Einstein factor in even spacetime dimensions, whereas a Bose-Einstein as well as a Fermi-Dirac factor appear in the detector response when the dimension of spacetime is odd. Moreover, we find that, it is possible to interpolate between the Bose-Einstein and the Fermi-Dirac distributions in odd spacetime dimensions by suitably adjusting the relative strengths of the detector's coupling to the odd and the even powers of the scalar field. We point out that the response of the detector is always thermal and we, finally, close by stressing the apparent nature of the appearance of the Fermi-Dirac factor in the detector response.     

Transversity of quarks in a nucleon

The transversity distribution of quarks in a nucleon is one of the three fundamental distributions, that characterize nucleon's properties in hard scattering processes at leading twist (twist 2). It measures the distribution of quark transverse spin in a nucleon polarized transverse to its (infinite) momentum. It is a chiral-odd twist-two distribution function — gluons do not couple to it. Quarks in a nucleon/hadron are relativistically bound and transversity is a measure of the relativistic nature of bound quarks in a nucleon. In this work, we review some important aspects of this less familiar distribution function which has not been measured experimentally so far.     

Analysis of Two-Dimensional Optical Fields Using an Additional Shift

A solution to the phase problem in optics is considered within the context of registration and analysis of two-dimensional stationary optical fields transformed by the object under study or fields forming an image. To obtain information on amplitude and phase distributions of the light field analyzed, a method of registration of two intensity distributions is used. The first distribution corresponds directly to the amplitude distribution. The other is formed for the sum of the initial field and the field shifted along a certain direction. The intensity distributions obtained allow one to calculate the two-dimensional structure of the field under study. It is noteworthy that the method requires no iteration procedures in solving the problem. This leads to speeding up of the processing and analysis of the information. Two variants of optical schemes for the analysis of light fields are considered. The first one corresponds to registration of the image of the analyzed plane and the second to registration of the spectrum of the spatial frequencies.     

Rain Attenuation at 103 GHz in Millimeter Wave Ranges

We have conducted a millimeter wave propagation experiment at 103 GHz (2.9 mm) on a propagation path of 390 m. The results were compared with the rain attenuation calculations from the Marshall-Palmer, Best, Joss-Thomas-Waldvogel and Weibull distributions for raindrop-size. It has been shown that the Weibull distribution has a good agreement with the experiments.     

共轭高聚物中的杂质分布：晶格形态及高浓度掺杂效应

基于扩展Su-Shrieffer-Heeger (SSH)模型,通过自洽计算的数值方法,研究了共轭高聚物链表现为孤子态和大极化子态两种不同晶格形态时链内的杂质分布情况,计算结果显示,分立的畴壁可导致高聚物链中形成多个稳定的势阱,有利于杂质在链中聚集分布。此外,还研究了在较高浓度的掺杂条件下,共轭高聚物链内的杂质分布规律。结果显示,杂质倾向于在中心区形成高浓度分布,而在链端区,杂质更倾向于离散分布。该研究表明,高浓度掺杂下杂质分布具有稳定的特征,晶格形态对杂质分布具有显著的影响,这些结论可为实验上操控杂质在共轭高聚物中的分布提供一定的帮助。     

梯度磁场作用下光纤中磁流体光透射特性研究的建模与分析

对光纤中磁流体在梯度磁场作用下的光透射特性进行了研究,提出光纤中磁流体的光透射率变化主要来源于梯度磁场引起的磁流体密度分布变化。根据郎之万函数和流体理论,推导了光纤中磁流体在梯度磁场作用下的密度分布,并根据Beer-Lambert定律,得到磁流体光功率透射衰减和纳米粒子局部密度的关系,从而建立光纤中磁流体在梯度磁场作用下光透射特性的理论模型。进而对光纤中磁流体在不同梯度磁场作用下的光透射功率进行数值分析,得到不同磁场强度和磁场梯度下光纤中磁流体透射功率的变化规律。最后将数值分析的结果和实验数据进行对比,验证了模型的合理性, 同时也验证了梯度磁场作用下磁流体光透射功率的变化主要来源于磁流体密度分布变化的推论。     

舰载光电指向器多轴系耦合精度分析

光电指向器的轴系精度直接影响到光电系统的整体性能指标。分析了光电指向器轴系之间精度影响关系,根据对方位轴系、俯仰轴系和视轴轴系的各项误差源分析计算出各轴系误差值,结合在安装过程中方位轴系误差与俯仰轴系误差建立数学模型,寻找方位角和俯仰角与方位轴系、俯仰轴系、视轴轴系的误差之间的耦合关系,并将三个轴系误差进行耦合后建立数学模型分析。该分析方法和结果为光电指向器的多轴系结构耦合误差设计提供了理论及工程依据。     

基于模式搜索的光谱消光粒径分布反演算法的研究

发展快速有效的反演算法用于粒径分布的重建是颗粒测量领域重要的研究课题之一。在光谱消光法粒径测量中,提出将模式搜索算法用于独立模式下粒径分布的重建,同时引入Tikhonov平滑泛函构建算法的目标函数,为保证搜索过程的快速性和准确性,设计了关于初始点的优选策略。利用该算法测量国家标准颗粒体积平均直径的相对误差为3.14%,不超过国家标准物质局给出的±8%的范围,且粒径分布宽度合理,没有明显展宽和伪峰现象。与Phillips-Twomey方法和遗传算法的对比结果表明,在综合考虑反演精度和反演时间条件下,该算法具有明显优势,更适合于快速准确的现场测量,具有较好的应用前景。     

吸收谱交迭的双组分混合液的荧光谱校正研究

荧光内滤效应以及样品池中荧光物质对激发光的吸收分布会直接影响荧光谱的强度和谱形,共同制约荧光分析法的应用。使用吸收谱及荧光谱存在交迭的双组分混合溶液,研究一种新的基于物理吸收模型的校正方法,以校正荧光内滤效应及吸收分布对荧光强度的影响。对三聚噻吩和五聚噻吩混合液的光谱研究表明,使用所述校正方法可以达到较为理想的校正效果, 误差小于5%。     

模拟颗粒凝并过程的快速Monte Carlo方法

对常规异权值Monte Carlo(MC)方法进行改进,基于强核函数思想,通过颗粒群单重遍历即可求得强核函数最大值,采用接受-拒绝法随机搜寻凝并对,并利用搜寻过程中拒绝和接受的所有凝并对的信息来估计凝并事件的等待时间(时间步长),从而避免颗粒群的双重遍历,以提高MC的效率.对典型工况的模拟结果显示该快速方法计算代价仅为O(N_s),能够显著提高计算效率,同时保持足够的计算精度,较好地协调计算代价与计算精度之间的矛盾.