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941.
We theoretically investigate the optical bistability, which one input signal allows two possible outputs, from single spherical/cylindrical nanoparticles and also nanoshells in the frame work of quasi-static formalism. It is shown that the bistability behavior greatly depends on several parameters such as the nanoparticle size, material and the surrounding dielectric environment. We demonstrated the width of the bistability region and also the bistable threshold depends on the geometrical parameters, and can be tuned by adjusting the size of nanoparticle, the shell thickness and the dielectric constant of the embedding medium. It is also shown that the optical bistable behavior depends strongly on the shape of plasmonic nanoparticles and nanoshells. However, these dependences of optical bistability of spherical/cylindrical nanoparticles and nanoshells on changing of their geometrical parameters can be used for realize optical switching and sensing purposes. 相似文献
942.
This paper aims to study fabrication and characterization of silver/titanium oxide composite nanoparticle through sonochemical process in the presence of ethylene glycol with alkaline solution. By using ultrasonic irradiation of a mixture of silver nitrate, the dispersed TiO2 nanoparticle in ethylene glycol associated with aqueous solution of sodium oxide yields Ag/TiO2 composite nanoparticle with shell/core-type geometry. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the Ag/TiO2 composites showed additional diffraction peaks corresponding to the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of silver crystallization phase, apart from the signals from the cores of TiO2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Ag/TiO2 composites, which average particle size is roughly 80 nm, reveal that the titanium oxide coated by Ag nanoparticle with a grain size of about 2–5 nm. Additionally, the formation of silver nanoparticles on TiO2 was monitored by ultraviolet visible light spectrophotometer (UV–Vis). As measured the optical absorption spectra of as-synthesized Ag nanoparticle varying with time, the mechanism of surface formatting silver shell on the cores of TiO2 could be explored by autocatalytic reaction; the conversion of Ag particle from silver ion is 98% for the reaction time of 1000 s; and the activity energy of synthesizing Ag nanoparticles on TiO2 is 40 kJ/mol at temperature ranging from 5 to 25 °C. Hopefully, this preliminary investigation could be used for mass production of composite nanoparticles assisted by ultrasonic chemistry in the future. 相似文献
943.
Modification of the Electrode Surface by Ag Nanoparticles Decorated Nano Diamond‐graphite for Voltammetric Determination of Ceftizoxime 下载免费PDF全文
A modified glassy carbon electrode with a film of nano diamond? graphite nano mixture decorated with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs? NDG/GCE) was constructed and used for sensitive voltammetric determination of ceftizoxime (CFX). Morphology of AgNPs? NDG/GCE has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Experimental variables such as deposited amount of the modifier suspension, pH of the supporting electrolyte and accumulation potential and time were optimized by monitoring of CV and LSV responses of CFX. The results illustrate that AgNPs? NDG/GCE exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic effect in the electro‐oxidation of CFX that leads to a considerable improvement in the corresponding anodic peak current. This also allows the development of a highly sensitive voltammetric sensor for the determination of CFX in pharmaceutical and clinical samples. Under the optimum conditions, the modified electrode showed a linear response to the concentration of CFX in the range of 0.02–7 µM with detection limit of 6 nM. The prepared modified electrode has some remarkable electrochemical properties such as simple preparation, high sensitivity, excellent repeatability and reproducibility and long‐term stability. 相似文献
944.
采用细乳液聚合制备了不同接枝链长度和密度的聚苯乙烯接枝二氧化硅纳米复合粒子(Si O2-PS).利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、示差扫描量热(DSC)、热失重(TGA)与凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)考察了Si O2-PS粒子接枝结构特征.采用TEM研究了接枝链聚合度(N)和接枝密度(σ)对Si O2-PS填充PS体系纳米粒子空间分布的影响规律.结果显示,N基本不变,σ越高,纳米粒子越易均匀分散;而接枝链过长易使长链相互缠结,起到反浸润作用,粒子聚集,不利于均匀分散.纳米粒子热力学稳定分散状态仅与N、σ有关,与粒径无关.通过调控N和σ可得到特定的纳米粒子分散形貌.对比考察了Si O2-PS填充聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)体系结果,揭示了接枝链与基体分子链相容性对纳米粒子空间分布的贡献. 相似文献
945.
946.
Huaifen Li Tao Xie Dongdong Shi Jian Jin 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2016,96(13):1300-1311
This paper reports a surface molecular self-assembly strategy for imprinting triazophos in the electropolymerised poly(aminthiophenol) (PATP) membranes at the surface of gold nanoparticle (AuNP)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites modified glassy (GC) electrode for electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection of pesticide triazophos. The electrochemical and ECL behaviours of luminol at the imprinted PATP/AuNP/CNT/GC electrode were investigated before and after the rebinding of triazophos. It was also found that the ECL intensity was strikingly enhanced by the adsorbed triazophos molecules in the imprinted PATP/AuNP/CNT composite membranes, which was about 5.2-fold as compared with the blank ECL intensity. On this basis, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-ECL sensor is established for high sensitive and selective detection of triazophos residues in vegetable samples. The resulting MIP-ECL sensor shows wide linear ranges from 3.1 × 10?8 to 3.1 × 10?5 g L?1 with lower detection limit of 3.1 × 10?9 g L?1 for triazophos. Moreover, the MIP-ECL sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, speed, specificity, stability and can become a promising technique for organophosphate pesticide detection. 相似文献
947.
Martin Urbanski Javad Mirzaei Anshul Sharma Daniel Hofmann Heinz-S. Kitzerow 《Liquid crystals》2016,43(2):183-194
Dispersions of chemically and thermally robust carbon dots (2.5 ± 0.5 nm in core diameter) were prepared and investigated by polarised optical microscopy, electro-optic measurements including dynamic tests and numerical simulations as well as fluorescence confocal microscopy. The carbon dots were prepared by a straightforward thermal decomposition method from citric acid and hexadecylamine, and they show typical excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence behaviour. All dispersions, ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 wt.%, showed lower values for isotropic–nematic phase transition temperature and broader isotropic–nematic biphasic temperature intervals with increasing carbon dot content in comparison to the neat material. Doping of the nematic host with the carbon dots resulted in lower values for the apparent threshold voltage and the elastic constants, but higher values for the rotational viscosity. At 2.5 wt.% and higher, carbon dots residing at the confining interfaces in planar cells induce an increasing initial pre-tilt of up to 8° at lower temperatures. Fluorescence confocal microscopy confirmed this, where the luminescence of the carbon dots permitted visualisation of the distribution of the carbon dots in the bulk with a noticeable, in some cases even pattern-like, segregation to the confining interfaces. 相似文献
948.
Salawu Omobayo Adio Khan Zafarullah Abdulnaser Alsharaa Zia Siddiqui 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2016,96(8):776-788
This research demonstrates the ability of biogenic synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to sensitively and selectively detect the presence of mercury (Hg2+) in water. To achieve this, the following study investigated the synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract from basil and characterised the synthesised AgNPs using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We studied the effect of various factors, such as broth concentration, precursor concentration, temperature, contact time and pH, on the synthesis of the nanoparticles. The synthesised AgNPs were then used in the colorimetric detection of Hg2+ in water. The as-prepared AgNPs showed high selectivity to detect Hg2+ alone compared to other cations and high sensitivity at different concentration of Hg2+. The limit of detection for Hg2+ was 6.25 × 10–8 mol/L (12 µg/L) indicating that these biogenic synthesised AgNPs represent a highly sensitive Hg2+ detection tool. 相似文献
949.
Polyglycerol‐Based Copper Chelators for the Transport and Release of Copper Ions in Biological Environments 下载免费PDF全文
Ralf Albrecht Susanne Fehse Kritee Pant Sabrina Nowag Holger Stephan Rainer Haag Carl Christoph Tzschucke 《Macromolecular bioscience》2016,16(3):412-419
Here, the synthesis and characterization of three improved nanosystems is presented based on amino functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG; Mw = 16.8 kDa) as potential copper(ii ) chelators. The ligands, N‐methyl‐N‐picolylglycine amide, 2,6‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid monoamide, and cyclam tetraacetic acid (TETA) monoamide, are covalently attached to the polymer with amide bonds. In this paper, the Cu(ii ) loading capacity, the stability of the Cu(ii )‐loaded carriers at different pHs, with competing ligands and in human serum, as well as the transport of Cu(ii ) in biological systems are investigated. For the first time, a different cytotoxicity of functionalized polymer nanoparticles with and without Cu(ii ) is observed. The cyclam‐based carrier combines the highest loading capacity (29 Cu ions/nanoparticle), best stability with respect to pH and EDTA (45% remaining Cu after 24 h), lowest cytotoxicity (IC50 > 100 × 10?6m (unloaded), 1500 × 10?6m Cu(ii ); Cu:carrier 29:1), and the highest stability in human serum.
950.
Positively charged gold nanoparticle (positively charged nano-Au), which was prepared, characterized by ξ-potential and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used in combination with l-cysteine to fabricate a modified electrode for electrocatalytic reaction of biomolecules. Compared with electrodes modified by negatively charged gold nanoparticle/l-cysteine, or l-cysteine alone, the electrode modified by the positively charged gold nanoparticle/l-cysteine exhibited excellent electrochemical behavior toward the oxidation of biomolecules such as ascorbic acid, dopamine and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the proposed mechanism for electrocatalytic response of positively charged gold nanoparticle was discussed. The immunosensor showed a specific to ascorbic acid in the range 5.1 × 10−7-6.7 × 10−4 M and a low detection limit of 1.5 × 10−7 M. The experimental results demonstrate that positively charged gold nanoparticle have more efficient electrocatalytic reaction than negatively charged gold nanoparticle, which opens up new approach for fabricating sensor. 相似文献