Quantitative Characterization of the Molecular Absorption Spectra in the Ultraviolet Region by Gas Chromatography

The aim of this study was to obtain quantitative characteristics of the ultraviolet absorption spectra as the molecular absorptivity at the wavelength of maximum absorbance. Organic as well as inorganic compounds were explored. A gas chromatography—ultraviolet absorption instrument has been used in the quantitative study of molecular ultraviolet absorption spectra in the vapour phase. The wavelength range studied was between 168 and 330?nm. The absorbance of 170 compounds was determined relative to perchloroethylene and their molecular absorptivities were calculated. For various groups of compounds, these relative absorptivities varied within two to three orders of magnitude. Standard curves were linear within four orders of magnitude from limit of quantification up to an absorption value of 1.5 absorbance units. The noise level was 3?×?10^?5 absorbance units peak to peak at a bandwidth of 1.7?nm and a wavelength range from 180 to 330?nm was preferred. The detection limit for mesitylene was calculated to be 2 pg/s and for naphthalene 1 pg/s with 4?s store cycle time.     

Characterization on the Mean Molar Absorptivity of Amino Acids in Microbial Lipopeptides

The molar absorption coefficients of each of 14 kinds of amino acids were determined by the spectrophotometric method, and the mean molar absorption coefficients of 37 different mixtures of each with amino acid composition exactly equivalent to that of the peptide chain of the corresponding lipopeptide were determined based on calculation or experimental. The significance of the results is that the mean molar absorption coefficients strongly demonstrate the regular patterns, though different amino acids bear quite different molar absorption coefficients.     

Thermodynamics of binary mixtures of non-electrolytes containing a salt

Molar excess volume V ^E and enthalpy H ^E data have been measured at 25°C for pyridine A saturated with anhydrous cupric chloride (S) [A(S)]+ B [where B is aniline or o-toluidine (OT) or formamide (FD) or N, N-dimethylformamide (NND)] mixtures on the assumption that while the standard state of B is that of pure components B, the standard state of A(S) is that of A saturated with the salt S. The excess volume or enthalpy data for an equimolar mixture at a given temperature have been utilized to evaluate the interactional parameter X₁₂ of the Sanchez and Lacombe theory of fluid mixtures at that temperature, and the same has been combined with V ^E (x _A ) data for a good prediction not only of the coresponding H ^E (x _A ) data for the mixture but also the extent of unlike interactions between the A(S) and B components of these A(S)+B mixtures.     

Liquid chromatography of synthetic polymers under critical conditions of enthalpic interactions 4: Sample recovery

Reduced sample recovery is a frequent feature of LC of macromolecules under critical conditions of enthalpic interactions (LC CC). Several methods of assessment of LC CC sample recovery are compared. A novel approach is based on an online combination of the. The LC CC column with a noninteractive SEC column. It provides not only the amount but also the molar mass of the eluted/withheld polymer. The procedure was tested with poly(methyl methacrylate), bare silica gel column packings, and “critical eluent” tetrahydrofuran/toluene. It was shown that macromolecules with higher molar masses were preferentially trapped within the LC CC column packing so that the eluted part of the sample was no longer representative. The incomplete polymer elution can make the LC CC polymer analyses susceptible to significant experimental errors.     

Laser assisted decontamination of metal surface: Evidence of increased surface absorptivity due to field enhancement caused by transparent/semi-transparent contaminant particulates

Small signal absorption measurements of the incident coherent radiation by the metal surface have revealed an increase in the absorption by the surface in presence of transparent/semi-transparent particulates on it. This effect, identified as field enhanced surface absorption, has been found to increase with reduction in the average particulate size. Consequently higher laser assisted removal efficiency of contamination from a metal surface has been observed for smaller contaminant particulates. These measurements have been carried out utilizing coherent radiations of two different wavelengths so chosen that for one the particulates are totally transparent while for the other they are partially transparent.     

Calculation of the molar absorptivity of polyphenols by using liquid chromatography with diode array detection: the case of carnosic acid

Antioxidant activity of vegetable extracts is related to the nature and the amount of active components, mainly polyphenols; therefore, a correct quantification of these molecules should be required to define their concentration in such kind of vegetable extracts. A fast and accurate method to calculate molar absorption coefficients (epsilon), by using HPLC, has been tested on standard polyphenols and caffeine, and should be widely adapted for standardless quantitative analysis. Molar absorptivity (epsilon) of carnosic acid (CA) was determined from 200 to 300 nm, by the proposed method and those values were compared to tert-butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT) ones for further comparative quantification.     

光导纤维光谱电化学池的研制及初步应用

研制了光导纤维光谱电化学池(FOSECC),并用该池研究Fe(CN)₆^3-/Fe(CN)₆^4-一氧化还原体系。获得不同电位下的吸收光谱;在不同温度下分别测定了式量电位E°′和反应得失电子数n;求出了体系电极反应的△H°和△S°;计算了FOSECC的灵敏度--摩尔吸收/电位比,结果满意。     

Determination of the Molar Decadic Absorptivities of the Stretching Vibrations of the Hydride and Phenyl Groups on Aerosil® 300

 The hydride and phenyl groups on the silica surface were determined qualitatively and quantitatively. The calculation of the molar decadic absorptivities of the Si*H-stretching vibration band at 2293 cm⁻¹ and of the C*H-stretching vibration band at 3068 cm⁻¹ was carried out according to Lambert-Beer’s law.     

Physicochemical Properties of Solutions of Amides in H2O and in D2O

Excess volume, partial molar volumes, viscosity, and ultrasound velocity in H₂O and D₂O solutions of formamide (FM), acetamide (AM), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethylacetamide (DMA) were studied at 20°C. The change in the excess volume of the various amide solutions on substitution of D₂O for H₂O varies both in magnitude and direction. On the other hand, the isotope effect on the ultrasound velocity behaves similarly in all cases. Its magnitude is greatest for pure water and then decreases monotonically with increasing amide concentration. Although the behavior of the concentration dependence of viscosity is similar to that for ultrasound velocity, the isotope effect on the viscosity behaves in a different way. For methyl-substitued amides, a maximum isotope effect is observed at amide mole fraction 0.2, but the isotope effect for FM and AM increases monotonically with increasing amide concentration. The differences in the behavior of amides in aqueous solution are discussed in terms of their interactions with water.     

高温原位拉曼光谱研究BiFeO3陶瓷反应烧结相变过程

多铁性材料BiFeO3(BFO)由于具有潜在的磁电耦合效应而备受关注,但纯相陶瓷的制备始终是一个难点,部分原因在于对其反应烧结相变规律的认识尚不充分。高温原位拉曼光谱技术(HT-Raman)是表征复杂的固体相变及反应的有力手段。首次利用HT-Raman,研究了不同配比(1∶1, 1.03∶1和1.05∶1)的Bi2O3-Fe2O3在不同升降温速率(10和100℃·min-1)下的反应烧结相变过程,以及降温时反应产物的收缩效应。结果表明:Bi2O3-Fe2O3反应烧结生成BiFeO3的过程中,会产生中间过渡相Bi2Fe4O9和Bi25FeO39∶Bi2O3-Fe2O3配比为1.03∶1、升降温速率较快时,产物中杂相含量最少,可见Bi过量及较快的升降温速率能有效抑制杂相的生成。降温过程中,发现BFO的A1-1峰位随着温度降低发生蓝移,且二者呈良好的线性关系,这说明降温过程中BFO仅因温度变化产生晶格收缩,并没有结构相变。此外,还利用二维X射线衍射(2D-XRD)及背散射电子衍射(EBSD),表征了烧结产物的相组成及形貌。XRD结果也显示Bi过量时杂相含量较少,与拉曼结果一致。结合2D-XRD和EBSD的结果可知, Bi过量时烧结产物晶粒尺寸较大且均一,可见快速升降温有利于晶粒的成核与生长。研究结果可帮助进一步认清反应烧结规律,并指导纯相BiFeO3基陶瓷的制备。