不同预处理方法对准东高碱煤中碱金属含量测定的影响

以四种不同的准东高碱煤及气化飞灰为研究对象,对高碱煤及气化飞灰中碱金属(Na、K)的赋存形态,以及不同预处理方法(低温灰化法、直接消解法、中国国标法、萃取法及氧弹燃烧法)对准东高碱煤及气化飞灰中碱金属(Na、K)含量测定的影响进行了测试分析。结果表明,准东高碱煤中碱金属Na主要以水溶态形式存在,碱金属K主要以水不溶态形式存在;不同的预处理方法对准东高碱煤中碱金属(Na、K)含量的测定结果影响显著,对于准东高碱煤及气化飞灰中碱金属(Na、K)含量测定,建议采用氧弹燃烧法,萃取法也可以相对准确地反映煤中碱金属Na的含量。     

石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定铜精矿中汞的含量

称取0.2g样品于50mL样品管中,以5mL硝酸-盐酸(1∶1)混合溶液为溶剂,采用石墨消解仪对样品进行前处理。以159 Tb作内标元素补偿基体效应,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对铜精矿中的202 Hg进行测定。结果显示,在0～50μg/L的浓度范围内,校准曲线线性相关系数在0.999 9以上,方法检出限0.019μg/L。对铜精矿标准样品的检测结果与标准值相符。铜精矿中汞的浓度在0.94～15.06μg/g时,与直接测汞仪检测结果对比基本一致。     

Probing in vitro digestion at oil–water interfaces

Interfacial layers have been widely applied to study the formation and stability of emulsion-based systems. However, the application of isolated interfaces to address digestibility of emulsions is often limited because of the complexity of experimental methods and results. This review summarizes the latest developments in analytical methods and literature data on effects of digestion on interfacial layers. Particular emphasis is given to understand the changes on interfacial magnitudes during oral, gastric, and duodenal digestion, either applied separately or sequentially. Limitations of interfacial aspects and key factors that influence emulsion microstructure in bulk and lipid digestion are identified. Understanding the behavior of interfacial layers upon gastrointestinal digestion promotes an accurate tracking of the physiological fate of emulsions.     

Isolation of selenium organic species from antarctic krill after enzymatic hydrolysis

Total selenium content and its distribution in the soluble and insoluble protein-bound fractions obtained after aqueous extraction of antarctic krill samples were determined. About 26% of the total selenium (2.4 g g^–1 dry weight) was found in the supernatant; the rest was in the pellet. Isolation of low molecular selenium-containing fractions was also performed by enzymatic digestion of the protein, followed by size-exclusion chromatography in conjunction with atomic absorption spectrometry. From the applied various proteinases (pronase E, subtilisin Carlsberg, trypsin, chymotrypsin, proteinase and proteinase N from Bacillus subtilis and Novo 0.6 MPX enzyme), the treatment with pronase E led to best recovery of selenium. About 96% of the total Se was found in the hydrolysate, mainly in low molecular weight fractions. Eighty percent of the Se species were in fractions with molecular weights in the range of amino acids and short peptides. High-performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) allowed the identification of selenomethionine and the assumption that selenocystine or its derivatives were the main species in these fractions.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of 1-aryl-3-acetyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzimidazo[1,2-d][1,2,4]triazine: first example of a novel ring system

Novel highly functionalized benzimidazoles were synthesized in two steps by microwave irradiation: construction of the benzimidazole ring followed by ring closure to the new tricyclic system.     

水相湿法改性纳米碳酸钙表面性质的研究

用特定的表面改性剂在水相中对纳米碳酸钙的悬浮液进行了湿法改性。红外光谱和热失重分析证明,改性剂与碳酸钙之间以化学键结合;沉降体积和接触角的测定结果说明改性粒子在液体石蜡中的润湿性和疏水性得到了提高;透射电子显微镜照片显示改性粒子在液体石蜡中有更好的分散性;体系粘度实验表明改性粒子与液体石蜡之间有较好的相容性。     

悬浮液进样流动注射在线微波消解-冷蒸气原子荧光光谱法测定生物和环境样品中的汞

建立了悬浮液进样流动注射在线微波消解-冷蒸气原子荧光光谱法测定生物和环境样品中Hg的方法。样品分散在50％(V/V)王水中,通过磁力搅拌保证样品溶液的均一性与稳定性。方法的检出限为O．06μ/L。方法简单快速,灵敏度高,样品损失少,而且没有样品交叉污染。应用此方法测定了5种标准参考物质以及5个实际样品中的Hg含量,并与传统的高压焖罐强酸消解方法进行了比较,两种方法所得结果一致,标准参考物质的测定值与标准值很好地吻合。     

Simple Method for Simultaneous Determination of Selenium and Arsenic in Human Hair by Means of Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry with Hydride Generation Technique

This study describes a simple, rapid and reliable method for simultaneous determination of selenium and arsenic in human hair by means of atomic fluorescence spectrometry combined with a hydride generation technique (HG-AFS). The procedure developed encompasses microwave digestion of a sample in the nitric acid environment only. The interferences caused by nitrous oxides are eliminated by removing a gas from above the digested solution with a stream of argon. The sample is then chemically treated in a flow-through hydride generation system and exposed to measurements in a double-channel atomic fluorescence spectrometer. The method permits determining both analytes in the linear range of 0.5–100µgL^–1 with a detection limit equal to 0.2µgL^–1, as well as with very good repeatability not exceeding 1% for Se and 2% for As. No mutual interferences from either of the analytes in the concentrations ranges matching the hair composition were found. The method was verified in terms of accuracy with the use of a reference material and then applied to the analysis of the natural samples of human hair.     

Determination of trace elements in ambient aerosol samples

A microwave-assisted digestion procedure using HNO₃, HF, and H₂O₂ has been developed for analysis of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM). The samples are collected on cellulose filters and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ICP-MS is calibrated with external standards, and recovery of analytes is tested with NIST SRM 1648 Urban Dust. This method has been used to quantify the airborne concentrations of a large number of elements, including Ag, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sb, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, and Zn. For the majority of these elements, recovery of the NIST SRM is within 15% of the certified values.     

用微波消解气相色谱法测定鱼肉中的有机氯农药

研究了微波消解 -有机溶剂提取 -气相色谱法测定鱼肉样品中有机氯农药的分析方法。对消解液、微波辅助加热条件及提取溶剂进行了优化实验 ,选择冰醋酸 -高氯酸 (体积比4∶1)在600W微波功率下接受辐射2min分解鱼肉样品 ,用30 % (φ)苯的石油醚溶液提取 ,对各种有机氯农药的回收率除 p,p′_DDT为60.3 %外 ,其余均在83.4 %～109.6 %之间 ,与水浴加热分解的国家标准方法相当。该法具有快速 ,灵敏度、精确度、准确度高等优点 ,适用于大批量食品和生物样品中有机氯农药的分析测定。