Water Soluble Benzimidazole Containing Ionic Palladium(II) Complex for Rapid Microwave‐Assisted Suzuki Reaction of Aryl Chlorides

In this paper a water soluble benzimidazole – Pd complex used for Suzuki reaction under conventional heating and microwave heating. To increase the activity of complex, ionic group change with bulky TBA⁺ and Bmim⁺ groups. To determine whether the reaction is homogeneous or heterogeneous, Hg(0) poisoning tests, hot filtration tests and CS₂ poisoning tests were performed.     

Domino bicyclization of 2,2-dihydroxyindene-1,3-dione with cyclic enaminones leading to isochromeno[4,3-b]indoles

New and practical acid-promoted domino bicyclization between 2,2-dihydroxyindene-1,3-dione and cyclic enaminones has been established for the formation of tetracyclic isochromeno[4,3-b]indoles under microwave heating. The present method simultaneously installs C–N, C–O, and C–C bonds, allowing direct assemble of functionalized isochromeno[4,3-b]indole skeleton with a wide diversity in substituents. The reaction features reliable scalability, flexibility of structural modification, and wide substrate scope as well as operational simplicity, and it can avoid time-consuming and costly syntheses, tedious work-up, and isolation of intermediate.     

Pseudo porphyrinyl amino acids based on 1,3,5-triazine scaffold: new tools for the synthesis of peptidic porphyrins

Fmoc and Boc-protected pseudo meso-tetraarylporphyrin-based amino-acids were synthesized by sequential addition of nucleophiles to cyanuric chloride. These photosensitizers offer new scaffolds suitable for the generation of a large range of peptidic porphyrin derivatives designed for their use in photodynamic therapy.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of Zn–WO3 and ZnWO4 for pseudocapacitor applications

Nanosized Zn–WO₃ and ZnWO₄ materials have been prepared by microwave irradiation method. The physico-chemical characterization of the prepared nanomaterials was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution-scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) techniques. The size and shape of the ZnWO₄ material can be controlled by changing the temperature. The XRD analysis revealed the formation of monoclinic phase of the calcined nanopowder. The HR-SEM images showed the sphere and plate shape particles. The electrochemical behavior of the ZnWO₄ modified electrodes was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) techniques. The synthesized material shows the pseudocapacitance. The specific capacitance of 35.70 F/g was achieved for the Zn–WO₃ nanopowder.     

Microwave-assisted α-halogenation of 2-methylquinolines with tetrabutylammonium iodide and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-dibromoethane)

A simple and efficient methodology permitting the halogenation of 2-methylquinolines into 2-(chloromethyl)quinolines or 2-(bromomethyl)quinolines in the tetrabutylammonium iodide and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-dibromoethane) system has been developed for the first time. The halogenation can be rapidly completed with good to excellent yields and high selectivity under microwave irradiation.     

A novel route to synthesize libraries of quinoxalines via Petasis methodology in two synthetic operations

This Letter reveals an innovative and facile procedure to prepare quinoxalines in two synthetic steps. The microwave assisted Petasis reaction is followed by the acid mediated unmasking of an internal amino nucleophile, cyclodehydration and oxidation to give collections of quinoxalines in good to excellent yields.     

Microwave assisted one-pot tandem three-component synthesis of2,4,5-triary1-2-4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one derivatives

This work described a one-pot tandem three-component synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-2,4-dihydro-3H- 1,2,4-triazol-3-ones using a simple reaction between phenylhydrazines, benzaldehydes and phenyl isocyanates under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions in good to excellent yields.     

A rapid approach for the copper,amine, and ligand-free Sonogashira coupling of 4-methyl-7-nonafluorobutylsulfonyloxy coumarins under microwave irradiation

A rapid, efficient, and reliable access for the synthesis of an assortment of 4-methyl-7-alkyl/aryl/heteroaryl alkynyl coumarins has been developed by the copper, amine, and ligand-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of 4-methyl-7-nonafluorobutylsulfonyloxy coumarin with various terminal alkynes under microwave irradiation. In the presence of a suitable catalyst, base, and solvent, the coupling reaction proceeded smoothly to give the diaryl alkynes in satisfactory to exceptional yields. Nonaflates coupled more efficiently than the corresponding triflates which yielded the detriflated product as well as the hydrolyzed product as competing side products along with the required product. The utilization of TBAF·3H₂O as a mild base as well as a solvating agent was the key for success of the reaction.     

A new large – Scale synthesis of magnesium oxide nanowires: Structural and antibacterial properties

Large-scale one-dimensional magnesium oxide (MgO) nanowires with diameters of 6 nm and lengths of 10 μm have been successfully synthesized by a new facile and simple reaction. This production was performed via a microwave hydrothermal approach at low temperature growth of 180 °C for 30 min. The structure of as synthesized MgO nanowires were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (X-ray), Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS). The antibacterial behavior of MgO nanowires concentration in solid media against Gram negative and Gram positive for different bacteria has been tested in details. The results show that the MgO nanowires have bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus sp. The antibacterial activity increases with increasing MgO nanowires concentration. Furthermore, the presence of one-dimensional MgO nanowires has high antibacterial efficacy and damages the membrane wall of bacteria. Finally, this study offered the prospect of developing ultrafine nanoscale devices utilizing MgO nanowires and implementing their useful potential in biological control.     

Development of a new type of electric off-road vehicle powered by microwaves transmitted through air

Needless to say, we are now facing a critical state in the global environment, i.e. global warming. We have to change our way of thinking and our economic systems from those dependent on fossil resources to those dependent on renewable energy resources, such as solar energy. In our field of research, electric vehicles are considered the best choice for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. A battery is not an adequate energy source for electric vehicles, because batteries quickly get depleted because of its low energy and power density. A fuel cell is a more favorable alternative to the battery; however, it has large mass and can only replace the internal combustion engine, but the power transmission mechanisms are still necessary. The new concept of an electric off-road vehicle proposed here is entirely different from those mentioned above. The vehicle has neither a combustion engine nor a battery but only electric motors. Energy to drive the motors is transmitted through air as microwaves at 2.45 GHz. This technology was developed at the Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, as a method for transmitting electricity from a large-scale solar power station (SPS) orbiting in space to the Earth. We have constructed some models of electric off-road vehicles and investigated their adoptability to microwave power transmission. In this paper, some experimental results on the use of microwave power transmission for powering the vehicles are presented, and some problems such as low energy transmission efficiency are also discussed.