Experimental investigation of a developing two-phase bubbly flow in horizontal pipe

Experimental results for various water and air superficial velocities in developing adiabatic horizontal two-phase pipe flow are presented. Flow pattern maps derived from videos exhibit a new boundary line in intermittent regime. This transition from water dominant to water–gas coordinated regimes corresponds to a new transition criterion C_T = 2, derived from a generalized representation with the dimensionless coordinates of Taitel and Dukler.Velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate, void fraction and bubble size radial profiles measured at 40 pipe diameters for J_L = 4.42 m/s by hot film velocimetry and optical probes confirm this transition: the gas influence is not continuous but strongly increases beyond J_G = 0.06 m/s. The maximum dissipation rate, derived from spectra, is increased in two-phase flow by a factor 5 with respect to the single phase case.The axial evolution of the bubble intercept length histograms also reveal the flow organization in horizontal layers, driven by buoyancy effects. Bubble coalescence is attested by a maximum bubble intercept evolving from 2.5 to 4.5 mm along the pipe. Turbulence generated by the bubbles is also manifest by the 4-fold increase of the maximum turbulent dissipation rate along the pipe.     

A series of isoreticular, highly stable, porous zirconium oxide based metal-organic frameworks

Brolly good MOFs: A new series of hydrophobic isoreticular porous Zr oxide dicarboxylate MOFs have been prepared (see picture, Zr?blue polyhedra, O?red, C?black). They have a one-dimensional pore system, a rare combination of Lewis acidity and hydrophobic character, and a higher hydrothermal and mechanical stability than their UiO MOF polymorph counterparts.     

坦索罗辛与β-环糊精相互作用的光度法和分子模拟研究

在模拟生理条件下,采用光度法和分子模拟技术研究了坦索罗辛与β-环糊精(β-CD)的相互作用。由实验所得的热力学参数ΔH<0,ΔG<0,说明坦索罗辛与β-CD发生了一个放热、自发的结合过程;由ΔH<0且ΔS<0推断二者主要靠氢键和范德华力发生作用。采用分子模拟技术对其相互作用从分子水平上进行预测,其结果与实验结果基本一致。     

人甲状腺旁素1型受体的结构特征

人甲状腺旁素1 型受体(PTH1R)是骨形成相关的B类G蛋白偶联受体, 其底物甲状腺旁腺素(PTH)及类似物具有抗骨质疏松作用. 由于此类受体的三维结构难以进行实验测定, 本文采用同源模建的方法, 完整构建了胞外区、跨膜区及其它相关区域, 并通过对接研究, 阐明复合物的氢键、疏水性相互作用及其与底物的相互作用关系和关键位点. 为进一步设计和发展此类药物提供理论依据.     

Social influence, agent heterogeneity and the emergence of the urban informal sector

We develop an agent-based computational model in which the urban informal sector acts as a buffer where rural migrants can earn some income while queuing for higher paying modern-sector jobs. In the model, the informal sector emerges as a result of rural-urban migration decisions of heterogeneous agents subject to social influence in the form of neighboring effects of varying strengths. Besides using a multinomial logit choice model that allows for agent idiosyncrasy, explicit agent heterogeneity is introduced in the form of socio-demographic characteristics preferred by modern-sector employers. We find that different combinations of the strength of social influence and the socio-economic composition of the workforce lead to very different urbanization and urban informal sector shares. In particular, moderate levels of social influence and a large proportion of rural inhabitants with preferred socio-demographic characteristics are conducive to a higher urbanization rate and a larger informal sector.     

THEME‐SEER: a multidimensional exploratory technique to analyze a structural model using an extended covariance criterion

In this work, we present a new approach to path modeling based on an extended multiple covariance criterion: system extended multiple covariance (SEMC). SEMC is suitable to measure the quality of any structural equations system. We show why SEMC may be preferred to criteria based on usual covariance of components and also to criteria based on residual sums of squares. We give a pursuit algorithm ensuring that SEMC increases and converges. When one wishes to extract more than one component per variable group, a problem arises of component hierarchy. To solve it, we define a local nesting principle of component models that makes the role of each component statistically clear. We then embed the pursuit algorithm in a more general algorithm that extracts sequences of locally nested models. We finally provide a component backward selection strategy. The technique is applied to cigarette data to model the generation of chemical compounds in smoke through tobacco combustion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蒸汽压缩制冷系统的稳态和瞬态建模分析

针对蒸汽压缩制冷系统工作过程的分析,建立了蒸汽压缩系统的瞬态和稳态数学模型,对整个蒸汽制冷系统的内部结构开展了深入的研究,并对其组成结构中的相关单元模块进行了建模与分析,在此基础上给出了制冷系统详细的瞬态和稳态的数学模型描述形式,通过对模型的仿真与测试给出了制冷系统工作过程中主要参数的变化情况,尤其是仿真结果与实际系统的工作过程进行对比,验证后表明本文所建立的工作模型,其COP性能与实测的结果误差不超过5%。