色散效应对聚光多结太阳电池性能的影响及优化

针对色散效应导致聚光多结太阳电池性能降低的问题,使用分布式三维等效电路模型计算高倍聚光下GaInP/GaInAs/Ge三结太阳电池的输出特性,通过分析电池各层的电压分布、暗电流分布以及横向电流分布,研究了不同电池尺寸下色散效应对电池性能影响的机理.结果表明:色散使多结太阳电池在局部区域的光生电流变得不匹配,随着电池尺寸的减小,局部区域之间失配的光生电流能够以横向电流的形式相互补偿,使电池整体的电流更加匹配,从而减小色散效应的影响.当电池芯片尺寸较大(20 mm×20 mm)时,色散主要降低电池的短路电流密度,色散光斑下电池的效率仅相当于无色散时的94%;当电池芯片尺寸减小到2 mm×2 mm时,短路电流密度与无色散时相等,但横向电阻降低了电池的填充因子.当电池芯片尺寸进一步减小到0.4 mm×0.4 mm时,色散与无色散光斑下电池的各项性能几乎没有差别,效率均约为34.5%,色散效应的影响可忽略不计.     

基于BiFeO_3/ITO复合膜表面钝化的黑硅太阳电池性能研究

采用金属银辅助化学刻蚀法在制绒的硅片表面刻蚀纳米孔形成微纳米双层结构,以期获得高吸收率的太阳能电池用黑硅材料.鉴于微纳米结构会在晶硅表面引入大量的载流子复合中心,利用磁控溅射技术在黑硅太阳电池表面制备了BiFeO_3/ITO复合膜,并对其表面性能和优化效果进行了探索.实验制备的具有微纳米双层结构的黑硅纳米线长约180—320 nm,在300—1000 nm波长范围内入射光反射率均在5%以下.沉积BiFeO_3/ITO复合薄膜后的黑硅太阳能电池反射率略有提高,但仍然具有较强的光吸收性能;采用BiFeO_3/ITO复合膜的黑硅太阳能电池开路电压和短路电流密度分别由最初的0.61 V和28.42 mA/cm~2提升至0.68 V和34.57 mA/cm~2,相应电池的光电转化效率由13.3%上升至16.8%.电池综合性能的改善主要是因为沉积BiFeO_3/ITO复合膜提高了电池光生载流子的有效分离,从而增强了黑硅太阳电池短波区域的光谱响应,表明具有自发极化性能的BiFeO_3薄膜对黑硅太阳能电池的表面性能可起到较好的优化作用.     

空间用倒装三结太阳能电池及其抗辐射性能研究

使用金属有机化学气相沉积技术,在4英寸GaAs衬底上获得了空间用GaInP/GaAs/In_(0.3)Ga_(0.7)As倒装三结太阳能电池.高分辨X射线衍射和阴极射线发光测试结果表明AlInGaAs应力渐变缓冲层的晶格弛豫度约100%,其整面平均穿透位错密度约5.4×10~6/cm~2.与GaInP/InGaAs/Ge常规三结太阳能电池相比,在AM0光谱、25℃测试条件下,面积24 cm~2的倒装三结太阳能电池转换效率达到32%,输出功率提高了5%.采用1 MeV高能电子对倒装三结电池进行粒子辐照测试,电池各项性能参数随不同辐照剂量发生改变,在1×10~(15)/cm~2辐照总剂量下电池转换效率衰降比例达到15%.     

Strength and equation of state of molybdenum triboride under 80 GPa pressure,using radial X-ray diffraction

The strength and equation of state of molybdenum triboride have been determined under nonhydrostatic compression up to 80?GPa, using an angle-dispersive radial X-ray diffraction technique in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). The RXD data yield a bulk modulus and its pressure derivative as K_0?=?342(6)?GPa with K₀′?=?2.11(17) at ψ?=?54.7°. Analysis of diffraction data using the strain theory indicates that the ratio of differential stress to shear modulus (t/G) ranges from 0.002 to 0.050 at pressures of 4–80?GPa. Together with theoretical results on the high pressure shear modulus, our results here show that molybdenum triboride sample under uniaxial compression can support a differential stress of ～10?GPa when it started to yield with plastic deformation at ～30?GPa. In addition, we draw a conclusion that MoB₃ is not a superhard material but a hard material.     

Z箍缩驱动聚变-裂变混合堆氚燃料循环系统氚盘存量与氚自持初步分析

为研究氚自持条件,建立了Z-FFR氚分析模型,基于理论方程和氚平均滞留时间方法进行计算,得到稳态运行时排灰气处理系统、氚增殖提取系统、同位素分离系统、水去氚化系统的氚质量流分别为52.30,25.40,81.30,3.60 g/day,对应的氚盘存量为52.30,25.40,8.13,1.80 g。同时以氚质量流推导出氚自持判断条件,分析了设计参数能够满足氚自持要求,同时获得了燃烧效率、氚增殖率、提取效率与氚自持的互补关系,三者作为关键参数相互依存,于临界值、设计值、理想值之间分析了氚的自持情况。     

A new direction in design and manufacture of co-sensitized dye solar cells: Toward concurrent optimization of power conversion efficiency and durability

A novel methodology was implemented in the present study to concurrently control power conversion efficiency (η) and durability (D) of co-sensitized dye solar cells. Applying response surface methodology (RSM) and Desirability Function (DF), the main influential assembling (dye volume ratio and anti-aggregation agent concentration) and operational (performance temperature) parameters were systematically changed to probe their main and interactive effects on the η and D responses. Individual optimization based on RSM elucidated that D can be solely controlled by changing the ratio of vat-based organic photosensitizers, whereas η takes both effects of dye volume ratio and anti-aggregation concentration into account. Among the studied factors, the performance temperature played the most vital role in η and D regulation. In particular, however, multi-objective optimization by DF explored the degree to which one should be careful about manipulation of assembling and operational parameters in the way maximization of performance of a co-sensitized dye solar cell.     

基于休眠机理的三维小基站蜂窝网络能效优化

小基站通常部署在写字楼、商贸区等城市密集区域以弥补传统宏基站在覆盖和传输方面的不足.小基站的分布一般是根据高峰时的网络负荷设计的,这必然导致网络负荷较低时的资源浪费.讨论了在平均接入率和信道容量双重约束下基于休眠机理的三维小基站蜂窝网络的能效优化问题.借助泊松点过程理论推导了三维小基站网络下行信道容量和平均接入率的数学表达式.通过分析下行信道容量和平均接入率的单调性得出同时满足传输信道容量和接入率要求的最佳休眠概率.分析了小基站最大用户连接数的最佳值,通过对该参数的合理配置,可以在满足通信指标的前提下最大程度地降低网络能耗.仿真结果表明,设计的基站休眠机理可以使小基站网络的能耗下降约21%.     

基于细胞红外光谱预测乙酰化细胞的辐射敏感性

组蛋白乙酰化是表观遗传修饰的一种重要方式。肿瘤细胞的组蛋白大部分呈现低乙酰化状态,而组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂（histone deacetylase inhibitor,HDACi）可以增加肿瘤细胞的乙酰化水平,诱导细胞周期阻滞及凋亡。曲古菌素A （trichostatin A,TSA）是组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的代表药物之一,能够提高肿瘤细胞组蛋白和非组蛋白的乙酰化水平。傅里叶变换红外（Fourier Transform Infrared,FTIR）光谱可以对无染色、无标记的生物样品进行无损检测,具有特征性明显、快速、分辨率高、重复性好等优点,已被广泛用于细胞的微观生物过程的研究。本文利用红外光谱技术结合免疫荧光技术的手段,研究TSA处理细胞后的乙酰化作用效果,发现红外光谱中甲基与亚甲基的伸缩振动强度之比能够表征细胞内的乙酰化水平变化,然后基于红外光谱的分析结果预测了乙酰化状态不同的细胞辐射敏感性的变化。结果表明,乙酰化细胞的辐射损伤效应可以通过甲基与亚甲基的伸缩振动强度之比进行评价,且该比值与细胞的辐射敏感性呈正相关,表明红外光谱技术可以辅助预测细胞的辐射敏感性,并进行细胞表观遗传学特征与辐射效应关系的研究。Histone acetylation is one of important epigenetic modifications, and histone in most of tumor cells shows low acetylation state. However, histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) can correct abnormal acetylation status, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Trichostatin A (TSA) is one of the representatives of histone deacetylase inhibitors, which can inhibit histone deacetylase, increase the acetylation level of histone and nonhistone in cell. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool which can detect nondestructively, quatitatively and quantitatively biological samples without bio-tagging and bio-labeling. FTIR spectroscopy technology has multiple advantages, including finger-print characteristics, rapid analysis, high resolution and good repeatability. Therefore, it has been widely used in the research of biological processes. This work applied FTIR spectroscopy to study the changes in cells treated with TSA, compared the acetylation level according to FTIR intensity ratio of methyl to methylene stretching vibration, and based on the FTIR analysis predicted the radiosensitivity of the cells with different acetylation levels. As a result, we have verified that the damage caused by radiation in acetylated cells can be evaluated by the ratio of methyl and methylene intensity which is positively correlated with cellular radiosensitivity. Therefore, this work demonstrates that FTIR spectroscopy can be useful for the prediction of radiosensitivity and may also open a door for the study of relationship between epigenetics and radiation bio-effects.     

Experimental design to measure the anchoring energy on substrate surface by using the alternating-current bridge

The anchoring property of the substrate surface of liquid crystal cells plays an important role in display and nondisplay fields. This property directly affects the deformation of liquid crystal molecules to change the phase difference through liquid crystal cells. In this paper, a test method based on the alternating-current bridge is proposed to determine the capacitance of liquid crystal cells and thus measure the anchoring energy of the substrate surface. The anchoring energy can be obtained by comparing the capacitance–voltage curves of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells with different anchoring properties in experimental and theoretical results simulated on the basis of Frank elastic theory. Compared with the other methods to determine the anchoring energy, our proposed method requires a simple treatment of liquid crystal cells and allows easy and high-accuracy measurements, thereby expanding the test ideas on the performance parameters of liquid crystal devices.