Multiple genotyping based on multiplex PCR and microarray

The genetic variability has obtained more and more attention in the process of diagnosis and treatment of tumors.Herein,we have described a multiple genotyping method based on magnetic enrichmentmultiplex PCR (MEM-PCR) and microarray technology.Monodisperse magnetic beads were fabricated and modified with streptavidin.Four loci on two genes (M235T and A-6G loci on AGT gene,A1298C and C677T loci on MTHFR gene) were selected to study single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).Target sequences of these SNP loci were amplified using Cy3-labeled primers through multiplex PCR in one tube after the templates were enriched and purified by functional magnetic beads (MB).Four pairs of NH₂-labeled probes,corresponding to each locus,were fixed on CHO-modified glass slide by covalent binding.Hybridization between target sequences and probes was performed under suitable conditions.The spotting locations on microarray and the ratio of fluorescence intensity,produced by different loci,were used to distinguish the SNP genotypes.Finally,three of gastric cancer samples were collected and genotyping analysis for these four SNP loci was carried out successfully simultaneously by this method.     

Electronic concentration of negatively-charged molecules on a microfabricated biochip

Various conditions leading to successful electronic concentration of negatively-charged molecules, notably oligonucleotides, on a microfabricated biochip have been studied. Tests on two chip designs have been performed. In the first generation biochip, which consisted of 12 electrodes 5 mm apart, fluorescent molecules were attracted to a positively-biased electrode leading to electronic concentration. In the second generation biochip, which consisted of eight electrodes 250 μm apart, much faster concentration rates were observed due to reduction in electrode spacing. These results are significant to design a pathogen detection biochip based on DNA hybridization assisted by electronic concentration.     

Ⅱ类热成像光机扫描技术的发展

根据武器系统的要求，缩小了军用热像仪扫描器的尺寸并减轻了其重量，指出改善空间分辨率是提高Ⅱ类热像仪性能的主要技术手段。认为采用限制孔径望远镜和变形光学系统是改善空间分辨率的简便而又经济的途径。     

一种8行任意扫描的电光扫瞄器

 针对激光的快速智能扫描,综合利用晶体的双折射效应和电光效应,提出一种电控集成8行任意扫瞄的高速光扫描方案。主要由三级数字电光偏转器和8×1的周期性极化电光棱镜组构成,其中3个电光快门和3块双折射晶体构成三级数字偏转器,通过半波电压的控制实现行位置的转换,一定数目的周期性极化电光棱镜级联组成单行偏转器,通过控制电压进行单行扫描,根据电场施加方式可实现数字型或者连续型扫描。利用梯形结构的电光棱镜组设计了最大电压为5.822 kV时,扫描视场为17.256°的可通过联机控制进行任意行扫描的高速激光扫描器。     

激光二维扫描显示技术的研究

结合激光特性和电视扫描成像原理,提出一种二维激光光栅扫描方案,并实际建立一套光栅产生系统。通过实验得到均匀的扫描光栅,测得一组实验数据。对实验数据进行处理得到了振镜偏转角度和扫描频率之间具体的函数表达式及其图像表示,进而推导得到光栅大小和扫描频率之间的函数关系式。另外,对扫描光栅的特征参数进行了分析。     

Nondestructive testing of objects of complex shape using infrared thermography: Determination of the spatiotemporal distribution of the irradiation heat flux

The existing inverse methods used to determine the heat flux density require that the forward problem and the problem domain (geometry) be known. In this paper, in order to determine the spatiotemporal heat flux density without knowing the real problem domain, we propose an approach based on temporal tracking of the thermal front. The proposed approach is particularly relevant when a three-dimensional formulation is adopted for nondestructive testing using infrared thermography. For such a formulation, heat flux density resulting from the external thermal stimulus is needed and must be determined to accurately characterize the defects and reconstruct the internal geometry of the inspected objects. The proposed approach uses only two inputs: the time-dependent temperature of the frontal surface recorded by an infrared camera and the 3D point cloud of the frontal surface collected by a 3D scanner. The method is evaluated numerically on an object of complex shape. We consider the case of pulsed thermal stimulus as well as the cases of unit step and modulated thermal stimuli. An experimental validation is performed on a cylindrical object submitted to a pulsed thermal stimulus and a modulated thermal stimulus. The results show the accuracy of the method which can easily be implemented as the initial step of the three-dimensional quantitative nondestructive testing of objects using infrared thermography.     

High-speed digital scan converter for high-frequency ultrasound sector scanners

This paper presents a high-speed digital scan converter (DSC) capable of providing more than 400 images per second, which is necessary to examine the activities of the mouse heart whose rate is 5-10 beats per second. To achieve the desired high-speed performance in cost-effective manner, the DSC developed adopts a linear interpolation algorithm in which two nearest samples to each object pixel of a monitor are selected and only angular interpolation is performed. Through computer simulation with the Field II program, its accuracy was investigated by comparing it to that of bilinear interpolation known as the best algorithm in terms of accuracy and processing speed. The simulation results show that the linear interpolation algorithm is capable of providing an acceptable image quality, which means that the difference of the root mean square error (RMSE) values of the linear and bilinear interpolation algorithms is below 1%, if the sample rate of the envelope samples is at least four times higher than the Nyquist rate for the baseband component of echo signals. The designed DSC was implemented with a single FPGA (Stratix EP1S60F1020C6, Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA) on a DSC board that is a part of a high-speed ultrasound imaging system developed. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the implemented DSC were evaluated by examining its maximum processing time with a time stamp indicating when an image is completely formed and wire phantom testing, respectively. The experimental results show that the implemented DSC is capable of providing images at the rate of 400 images per second with negligible processing error.     

新型波导阵列电光扫描器特性研究

利用有限差分光束传输法研究了波导耦合对波导阵列电光扫描器传输特性和扫描特性的影响.结果表明：耦合对其传输特性和扫描特性的影响明显;只有在一定条件下,对其影响才较小,可以忽略.由此可知,在设计光波导阵列结构时,考虑波导耦合效应是至关重要的.进一步,提出了描述光波导阵列电光扫描器的技术指标,并研究了该扫描器的结构优化设计问题.     

机械扫描振子的研制及演示

由于机械扫描振子在振动区间存有一共振峰,故提出了采用选频放大器驱动电路消除振子在振动区间的非线性的设计,并应用于演示弦线驻波、共振和李萨如图等实验中.     

Multivalence and spot heterogeneity in microarray-based measurement of binding constants

Microarray technology is increasingly used for a miniaturised and parallel measurement of binding constants. In microarray experiments heterogeneous functionalization of surfaces with capture molecules is a problem commonly encountered. For multivalent ligands, especially, however, binding is strongly affected by receptor density. Here we show that high-resolution imaging of microarrays followed by image segmentation and separate analysis of bright and dark parts provides valuable information about ligand binding. Binding titrations were conducted with monovalent and bivalent fluorescent ligand peptides for the model receptor vancomycin. Microarrays were scanned with a confocal microscope and inhomogeneous spots were evaluated either as a whole or after segmentation into bright and dark areas. Whereas the binding constant for the monovalent ligand was hardly affected by spot heterogeneity, for the bivalent ligand affinity was higher for the parts of the spots with a greater density of receptors. This information was lost if the spots were analysed as a whole. These results reveal that imaging resolution may be a key factor in miniaturised binding assays, emphasising the importance of high-resolution images and image segmentation for new techniques, for example SPR imaging.