Green Tea Suppresses Brain Aging

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the intake of green tea is effective in reducing the risk of dementia. The most important component of green tea is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Both EGCG and epigallocatechin (EGC) have been suggested to cross the blood–brain barrier to reach the brain parenchyma, but EGCG has been found to be more effective than EGC in promoting neuronal differentiation. It has also been suggested that the products of EGCG decomposition by the intestinal microbiota promote the differentiation of nerve cells and that both EGCG and its degradation products act on nerve cells with a time lag. On the other hand, the free amino acids theanine and arginine contained in green tea have stress-reducing effects. While long-term stress accelerates the aging of the brain, theanine and arginine suppress the aging of the brain due to their anti-stress effect. Since this effect is counteracted by EGCG and caffeine, the ratios between these green tea components are important for the anti-stress action. In this review, we describe how green tea suppresses brain aging, through the activation of nerve cells by both EGCG and its degradation products, and the reductions in stress achieved by theanine and arginine.     

Synthesis of the chiral selector heptakis(6‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin by phase‐transfer catalysis and hydrazine‐mediated transfer‐hydrogenation

The exhaustive primary‐side alkylation of cyclodextrins has never been achieved directly. The undesired and simultaneous derivatization of the secondary hydroxyl moieties generates intricate isomeric mixtures that are challenging to purify, analyse and characterize. The aim of this study was to develop a chromatography‐free and up‐scalable strategy towards the preparation of per‐6‐O‐methylated cyclodextrin and to test the compound as potential chiral selector. The target molecule was prepared according to a five‐step synthesis by using methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide as catalyst under heterogeneous conditions. The removal of benzyl moieties, used as temporary secondary‐side protecting groups, was attained by applying hydrazine‐carbonate in the presence of Pd/C. All the intermediates were obtained in high yields, thoroughly characterized and their purity was assessed by ad‐hoc developed HPLC methods. The per‐6‐O‐methylated β‐cyclodextrin showed promising chiral recognition ability as background electrolyte additive in cyclodextrin‐modified capillary electrophoresis using the recreational drug methylene‐dioxypyrovalerone as model compound. Additionally, a model for the inclusion geometry between the single isomer host and the selected drug was developed based on the extensive 2D NMR analysis. The versatility of the proposed synthetic strategy opens the way to the industrial production of homogeneously primary‐alkylated cyclodextrins and to their wide application in chiral separation of various drugs.     

硝西泮、氯硝西泮甲基衍生物的气相色谱-质谱分析

对硝西泮和氯硝西泮的衍生化条件、色谱及质谱行为进行了研究,确立了猪肉中硝西泮、氯硝西泮残留的GC-MS检测方法.应用5因素4水平的正交试验,最终确定衍生化条件为反应温度60℃、反应时间30 min、丙酮用量0.5 mL、衍生化试剂20μL、催化剂无水碳酸钾20mg,在此条件下可生成较完全的甲基衍生物.衍生物具有较好的气相色谱和电子轰击质谱行为.硝西泮衍生物的分子离子峰为m/z 295,基峰离子为m/z 267,主要碎片离子分别为m/z 206、220、248、294;氯硝西泮衍生物的分子离子峰为m/z 329,基峰离子为m/z 328,主要碎片离子分别为m/z205、220、248、266、294、331,并对这些离子的产生进行了解析.这些离子均具有较强的相对丰度,可作为其微量检测的多离子选择定性和确证,而基峰离子可用于单离子选择定量.用乙腈提取药物,C18固相萃取柱净化,GC-MS分析.本方法采用外标法定量,两种药物的标准曲线线性回归系数均在0.99以上,线性范围20～500 μg/L,回收率80%左右,相对标准偏差6.9%～14.9%,检出限16.7 μg/kg.     

Baeckeins J and K,Two Novel C‐Methylated Biflavonoids from the Roots of Baeckea frutescens and Their Cytoprotective Activities

Baeckea frutescens is an aromatic shrub used as ornamentals and as food flavor spices in the southern part of P. R. China. Two novel C‐methylated biflavonoids named baeckeins J ( 1 ) and K ( 2 ) were isolated from the roots of B. frutescens, which possessed the unique carbon skeleton conjugated of a flavonol and one isoflavanonol molecule via the linkages of C(2)–C(8*) and C(3)–O–C(7*). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by analysis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS spectral data, and the absolute configuration for chiral C‐atoms C(2) and C(3) were assigned by CD spectrometry combined with quantum chemical calculations. In the bioassay, baeckeins J and K exhibited strong cytoprotective effects on H₂O₂‐induced oxidative cell death in PC12 cells.     

植物油脂肪酸甲酯聚合物碘值的测定

本文通过测定植物油脂肪酸聚合物的碘值，指出其碘值随样品称量增加而明显变小的原因与聚合物结构有关。实验还指出，严格控制称样量在０．２－０．３ｇ内，其碘值绝对偏差不超过０．０１ｇ时，相对误差不超过１％，可满意地表示植物油脂肪酸甲酯聚合物的不饱和程度。     

Liquid and gas chromatographic separation of isomeric methylated dibenzothiophenes

Trace amounts of a dibenzothiophene (DBT) series in complex matrices were detected by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (FPD) after purification and isolation by normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The gas chromatographic behavior of eleven methylated DBTs was studied on six common stationary phases. Complete resolution of the four monomethyl DBT isomers was only achieved on a capillary column coated with a methylphenylsilicone phase gummified in situ by heat-curing. The determination of the relative distribution of the four monomethylated isomers is proposed as a powerful method for monitoring oil pollution in marine environment.     

高效液相色谱法测定甲基化氨基酸及其相关化合物

本文提出一种用于测定甲基化氨基酸化合物的高效液相色谱方法。本法采用实验室组装的离子交换色谱分析仪和柱后衍生－荧光检测法，所有已知组氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸的天然衍生物均可完全分离测定，全部分离测定过程需时１１８ｍｉｎ，检测灵敏度可达皮摩尔级（１０￣（－１２）ｍｏｌ），方法重现性良好，本法已成功地用于遭受环境污染损害的云杉针叶中甲基化氨基酸化合物的分离测定。     

茶叶中甲基化儿茶素的分离、纯化和高效液相色谱法分析

以日本Benifuji绿茶为原料,用50%乙腈提取茶叶有效成分,提取液经氯仿脱咖啡碱和色素、乙酸乙酯和HP-20大孔树脂富集儿茶素,得多酚含量高于80%的茶多酚粗品,再经ToyopearHW-40S柱层析分离纯化,得EGC、ECG、EGCG、EC及两种未知成分。经1H-NMR、MS和HPLC等分析,两种未知成分为(-)-表没食子儿茶素3-O(3-O-甲基)没食子酸酯(EGCG3″Me)和(-)-3-O-甲基-表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG3′Me)。采用TSKgelODS-100Z色谱柱和二极管阵列检测器(DAD),建立了一种快速、灵敏分析茶叶中儿茶素和甲基化儿茶素的高效液相色谱法。色谱条件:TSKgelODS-100Z色谱柱,流动相为KH2PO4(pH2.5)-甲醇系统,采用梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,柱温40℃,进样量20μL。结果表明,6种儿茶素在一定范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9996~1.0000,平均加标回收率在90.8%~105.9%之间,相对标准偏差均小于3.5%。     

3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoate of Catechin,an Anticarcinogenic Semisynthetic Catechin,Modulates the Physical Properties of Anionic Phospholipid Membranes

3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoate of catechin (TMBC) is a semisynthetic catechin which shows strong antiproliferative activity against malignant melanoma cells. The amphiphilic nature of the molecule suggests that the membrane could be a potential site of action, hence the study of its interaction with lipid bilayers is mandatory in order to gain information on the effect of the catechin on the membrane properties and dynamics. Anionic phospholipids, though being minor components of the membrane, possess singular physical and biochemical properties that make them physiologically essential. Utilizing phosphatidylserine biomimetic membranes, we study the interaction between the catechin and anionic bilayers, bringing together a variety of experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulation. The experimental data suggest that the molecule is embedded into the phosphatidylserine bilayers, where it perturbs the thermotropic gel to liquid crystalline phase transition. In the gel phase, the catechin promotes the formation of interdigitation, and in the liquid crystalline phase, it decreases the bilayer thickness and increases the hydrogen bonding pattern of the interfacial region of the bilayer. The simulation data agree with the experimental ones and indicate that the molecule is located in the interior of the anionic bilayer as monomer and small clusters reaching the carbonyl region of the phospholipid, where it also disturbs the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between neighboring lipids. Our observations suggest that the catechin incorporates well into phosphatidylserine bilayers, where it produces structural changes that could affect the functioning of the membrane.