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81.
Cecilia E. Silvana Alvaro Alicia D. Ayala Norma S. Nudelman 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2011,24(2):101-109
The kinetics of the reactions of 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNClB) with 2‐guanidinobenzimidazole (2‐GB) at 40 ± 0.2 °C in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), toluene, and in toluene–DMSO mixtures, and with 1‐(2‐aminoethyl)piperidine (2‐AEPip) and N‐(3‐aminopropyl)morpholine (3‐APMo) in toluene at 25 ± 0.2 °C were studied under pseudo first‐order conditions. For the reactions of 2‐GB carried out in pure DMSO, the second‐order rate coefficients were independent of the amine concentration. In contrast, the reactions of 2‐GB with DNFB in toluene, showed a kinetic behaviour consistent with a base‐catalysed decomposition of the zwitterionic intermediate. These results suggest an intramolecular H‐bonding of 2‐GB in toluene, which is not present in DMSO. To confirm this interpretation the reactions were studied in DMSO–toluene mixtures. Small amounts of DMSO produce significant increase in rate that is not expected on the basis of the classical effect of a dipolar aprotic medium; the effect is consistent with the formation of a nucleophile/co‐solvent mixed aggregate. For the reactions of 3‐APMo with both substrates in toluene, the second‐order rate coefficients, kA, show a linear dependence on the [amine]. 3‐APMo is able to form a six‐membered ring by an intramolecular H‐bond which prevents the formation of self‐aggregates. In contrast, a third order was observed in the reactions with 2‐AEPip: these results can be interpreted as a H‐bonded homo‐aggregate of the amine acting as a better nucleophile than the monomer. Most of these results can be well explained within the frame of the ‘dimer nucleophile’ mechanism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
82.
使用MP2方法研究了N-H•••O=C氢键二聚体的氢键强度,探讨了不同取代基对N-H•••O=C氢键强度的影响.研究发现,可以通过改变质子供体或受体分子上取代基的供电性或吸电性来调控氢键强度:乙基等供电子基团对N-H•••O=C氢键强度的调节作用不大;NO2和CN等强吸电子基团可极大地改变N-H•••O=C氢键强度;质子供体分子中的强吸电子基团如CN可使N-H•••O=C氢键强度增强多达4.6kcal/mol,质子受体分子中的强吸电子基团如NO2可使N-H•••O=C氢键强度减弱多达2.6kcal/mol.自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明,N-H•••O=C氢键强度越强,参与形成氢键的氢原子电荷越正,氧原子电荷越负,单体分子间电荷转移越多,N-H•••O=C氢键中氧原子孤对电子n(O)对N-H反键轨道σ*(N-H)的二阶稳定化能越大. 相似文献
83.
《Liquid crystals》2012,39(12):1843-1851
ABSTRACTIn this work, we present results from (isobaric–isothermal) Monte Carlo Simulation studies of liquid crystalline dimer systems confined in a slit pore. Liquid crystalline dimer systems of various spacer numbers have been considered. Surface-induced conformational and alignment properties of these systems at different pressures under homeotropic anchoring condition have been investigated. We have used easily manageable coarse grained force fields to model both monomer–monomer and monomer–substrate interaction potentials. According to the simulated result, the anchoring of dimers to the surface and orientation of mesogenic units with respect to the surface normal seem to depend on the spacer number for messogen attractive confinement. Dimers with lower spacer number are able be adsorbed to the surface and most of their mesogens are oriented along the surface normal even at lower pressure. Those with larger spacer number are distributed throughout the volume at lower pressure. In the case of mesogen repulsive confinement, most of the dimers are adsorbed to the surface and most mesogens are randomly oriented at low pressure. As the pressure gets higher, the adsorption and orientability increase depending on the type of confinement and spacer number. As a result, clear submolecular partitioning and smectic A like structure have been identified. 相似文献
84.
A Cyclic aryl thioester dimer was prepared by the reaction of o-phthaloyl dichloride and bis(4-mercaptophenyl)sulfide in good yield under pseudo-high dilution conditions via interfacial polycondensation.The structure of the cyclic dimer was confirmed by a conmbination of MALDI-TOF-Ms,FTIR,gel permeation chromatography and NMR analyses.The X-ray diffraction study of the single crystal of cyclic thioester dimer obtained form two sotutions reveals no severe internal strain on the cyclic structure. 相似文献
85.
V. Slez rikov M. Sedliakov 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》1991,10(4):329-337
In UV-damaged cells, a large fraction of pyrimidine dimers may remain unexcised and may be tolerated by a uvrB recA lexA-dependent non-excisional mode of repair (M. Sedliaková, J. Brozmanová, F. Ma
ek and K. Kleibl, Biophys. J., 36 (1981) 429-441). We show here that a similar repair pathway operates in the Escherichia coli recF 143 single mutant but not in the recF uvrB double mutant. This indicates that the putative repair pathway is recF independent. 相似文献
86.
87.
K.D. Setzer 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》2003,221(1):127-130
Emission spectra of the 0-0 band of the a1Δg→X3Σ−g magnetic dipole transition of S2 have been observed in the near-infrared spectral region near 4400 cm−1. The S2 molecules were generated in a fast-flow system by passing Sx or S2Cl2 vapor in Ar carrier gas through a microwave discharge and were excited by electronic-to-electronic energy transfer from metastable singlet oxygen O2(a1Δg). Medium-resolution spectra of the b1Σ+g→X3Σ−g and a1Δg→X3Σ−g transitions of S2 were measured with a Fourier-transform spectrometer. By comparing the bandshape of the 0-0 band of the a→X system with a computer simulation calculated with literature data of the rotational constants of the X and a states, the origin of the 0-0 band was determined to be ν0=4394.25±0.2 cm−1. 相似文献
88.
Suotang Jia Lijuan Qin Zugeng Wang Yong Wang Guosheng Zhou 《Chinese Journal of Lasers》1992,1(6):527-532
Diffuse band radiation around 599. 2 nm in K_2 was generated by the two photon pumping potassium dimers or by the two-photon resonant pumping atomic potassium with following atoms-molecules collision energy transfer. The pumping wavelengths are in a wide range of 697-745 nm. The relevant mechanisms were discussed. 相似文献
89.
本文报道二种新的配体:双四苯基卟啉基对苯二甲亚胺(I),双[(5,10,15-三甲苯基)-20-苯基)卟啉基]对苯二甲亚胺(Ⅱ),并合成了相应的单金属铑配合物Ⅲ.Ⅳ,进行了元素分析,电子光谱,红外光谱.质子核磁共振及光助还原水放氢实验. 相似文献
90.
Geometry optimization calculations were performed using the B3LYP/6‐31+G* method on the complexes of 1O2 and 3O2 molecules with a stacked dimer of planar guanine, varying the distance (D) between the planes of the guanine molecules. In this process, geometries of the guanine molecules were held fixed, D was fixed at different values, while the bond lengths of 1O2 and 3O2 as well as their orientations with respect to the guanine molecules were optimized for each value of D. The complexes in their most stable geometries were solvated in water using the integral equation formalism of the polarized continuum model of the self‐consistent reaction field theory. In gas phase, the most stable complex between 1O2 and the guanine dimer (2G.1O2) is formed when D is about 6 Å, while the most stable complex between 3O2 and the guanine dimer (2G.3O2) is formed when D is about 3.75 Å. In the minimum total energy geometry of 2G.1O2, 1O2 is located between the guanine molecules, above the imidazole ring of one of them. However, in the minimum total energy geometry of 2G.3O2, 3O2 is located outside the stack of guanine molecules, near the amino group of one of them. The solvation calculations showed that in aqueous media, 1O2 would bind with the stacked guanine dimer more strongly than in gas phase, while 3O2 would not bind with the same. The mode of binding of 1O2 with the stacked guanine dimer is such that it seems that 1O2 would replace one basepair in DNA, as happens in the intercalative mode of binding of drugs and other molecules, and it can lead to the formation of 8‐oxoguanine that has a mutagenic nature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005 相似文献