Methane formation from CaCO3 reduction catalyzed by high pressure

Under high pressures of several giga-pascals using hydrothermal diamond anvil cell,methane generated directly from CaCO3 reduction in gold-lined chamber is in situ measured by Raman spectroscopy at the temperature of 550℃ Fhe reducing agents include FeO,SiO and natural fayalite（Fe2SiO4）,and the resource of hydrogen are water and natural serpentine（Mg3Si2O5（OH）4）. The study demonstrates the existence of abiogenic formation of methane under high pressures in the Earth＇s interior and that the application of high pressure to catalyze multicomponent reactions is a very promising method.     

Equilibrium conditions for clathrate hydrates formed from methane and aqueous propanol solutions

Equilibrium conditions for clathrate hydrates formed from methane and different concentrations of 1-propanol or 2-propanol aqueous solutions were experimentally determined at temperatures of 274.0–287.1 K and pressures up to 11.0 MPa. Each propanol has an inhibiting and/or promoting effect on hydrate formation depending on the propanol concentration. A structural transition from a structure I to a different hydrate structure occurred at concentrations between 3 and 5 mass% for 1-propanol and between 2 and 3 mass% for 2-propanol.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of pure methane and carbon dioxide hydrates: lattice constants and derivative properties

ABSTRACT

We report extensive molecular dynamics simulation results of pure methane and carbon dioxide hydrates at pressure and temperature conditions that are of interest to various practical applications. We focus on the calculation of the lattice constants of the two pure hydrates and their dependence on pressure and temperature. The calculated lattice constants are correlated using second order polynomials which are functions of either temperature or pressure. Finally, the obtained correlations are used in order to calculate two derivative properties, namely the isothermal compressibility and the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient. The current simulation results are also compared against reported experimental measurements and other simulation studies and good agreement is found for the case of isothermal compressibility. On the other hand, for the case of isobaric thermal expansion coefficient good agreement is found only with other simulation studies, while the simulation studies are in disagreement with experiments, particularly at low temperatures.     

贵金属及其掺杂团簇与甲烷反应研究进展

贵金属在甲烷活化与转化中呈现出优良的反应性。研究气态条件下贵金属物种与甲烷的反应,可以从分子水平上揭示凝聚相贵金属催化体系的活性位点与基元反应机理,为理性设计和改进催化剂提供理论基础。本文综述了贵金属原子、离子、团簇、氢化物、卤化物、氧化物、甲基配合物以及掺杂团簇活化、转化甲烷取得的新进展,并针对不同贵金属体系的甲烷活化机理展开讨论。     

Iron Oxide Supported on Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Decomposition Reaction: Effect of MgO Additive and Calcination Temperature

Production of hydrogen is a challenging task and have significant impact in the recent scenario. The alumina supported iron oxide nanoparticle synthesized using non‐ionic surfactant Triton‐X was found very effective for steady production of hydrogen through methane decomposition reaction. The high surface area, easily reducible catalyst calcined at 500 °C and 800 °C temperature showed steady activity towards methane decomposition reaction. At a higher reaction temperature there was catalyst deactivation. The doping of MgO facilitated particle growth rendering the poor catalytic activity. The TPR study showed that reducibility of TPR was difficult in presence of MgO additive. The formation of Fe? Mg? Al solid solution confirmed by XRD study was found mainly responsible for the lower catalytic activity. The bamboo‐shaped carbon nanotube formed from 20 % Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst which is mainly because of the poor wetting property of quasi‐liquid metal and carbon nanotube.     

Mesophilic Digestion Kinetics of Manure Slurry

Anaerobic digestion kinetics study of cow manure was performed at 35°C in bench-scale gas-lift digesters (3.78 l working volume) at eight different volatile solids (VS) loading rates in the range of 1.11–5.87 g l⁻¹ day⁻¹. The digesters produced methane at the rates of 0.44–1.18 l l⁻¹ day⁻¹, and the methane content of the biogas was found to increase with longer hydraulic retention time (HRT). Based on the experimental observations, the ultimate methane yield and the specific methane productivity were estimated to be 0.42 l CH₄ (g VS loaded)^–1 and 0.45 l CH₄ (g VS consumed)^–1, respectively. Total and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD) consumptions were calculated to be 59–17% and 78–43% at 24.4–4.6 days HRTs, respectively. Maximum concentration of volatile fatty acids in the effluent was observed as 0.7 g l^–1 at 4.6 days HRT, while it was below detection limit at HRTs longer than 11 days. The observed methane production rate did not compare well with the predictions of Chen and Hashimoto’s [1] and Hill’s [2] models using their recommended kinetic parameters. However, under the studied experimental conditions, the predictions of Chen and Hashimoto’s [1] model compared better to the observed data than that of Hill’s [2] model. The nonlinear regression analysis of the experimental data was performed using a derived methane production rate model, for a completely mixed anaerobic digester, involving Contois kinetics [3] with endogenous decay. The best fit values for the maximum specific growth rate (μ _m) and dimensionless kinetic parameter (K) were estimated as 0.43 day^–1 and 0.89, respectively. The experimental data were found to be within 95% confidence interval of the prediction of the derived methane production rate model with the sum of residual squared error as 0.02.     

非晶态Fe0.5Al0.5PO4表面上激光促进甲烷直接氧化合成甲醇的研究

用溶胶－凝胶法合成了非晶态Ｆｅ０．５Ａｌ０．５ＰＯ４。用ＸＲＤ和ＴＰＲ表征了其结构和晶格氧的活性;用ＩＲ和ＴＰＤ表征了ＣＨ４在其表面上的吸附行为;用ＬＳＳＲ方法考察了ＣＨ４直接氧化合成ＣＨ３ＯＨ的反应规律。结果表明,Ｆｅ０．５Ａｌ０．５ＰＯ４具有非晶态的结构,ＦｅＰＯ４和ＡｌＰＯ４的微区被均匀地相互隔离,导致固体本身不具有长程有序性。非晶态的Ｆｅ０．５Ａｌ０．５ＰＯ４与晶态的Ｆｅ０．５Ａｌ０．５Ｐ     

磁铅石型复合氧化物CaNiyAl12-yO19-δ的制备和性能表征

制备了一系列磁铅石型复合氧化物ＣａＮｉｙＡｌ１２－ｙＯ１９－δ（ｙ＝０．３,０．６,０．９,１．０）,并用ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、ＴＰＲ和ＴＧＡ技术对其结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,该系列复合氧化物具有相同的晶体结构和相似的还原稳定性。当Ｎｉ调变量既０〈ｙ≤１,可以获得磁铅石型复合氧化物ＣａＮｉｙＡｌ１２－ｙＯ１９－δ晶相。在７８０℃二氧化碳重整甲烷制合成气反应过程中,还原态复合氧化物ＣａＮｉｙＡｌ１２