NMR法测定复方制剂3组份的相对含量

本文对复方制剂中盐酸伪麻黄碱（Pse)、盐酸苯海拉明（Dip)和氢溴酸右美沙酚（Dex)3组份进行了NMR相对含量的测定。RSD分别为2.22%、3．18％、3．35％，绝对误差（E）分别为1．87％、3．66％、4．23％，方法简便快速，且相当准确。     

显微拉曼光谱法研究盐酸丁咯地尔的热降解历程

本文采用显微激光拉曼光谱、红外光谱和热重技术等多种分析方法,对盐酸丁咯地尔的热降解机理进行了较为详细的研究。通过对原药及其热氧降解历程中间产物的拉曼光谱、红外光谱分析,证实了盐酸丁咯地尔的热氧降解过程与热重分析实验的结果基本相符。热降解过程分为两个明显的阶段:第一阶段是盐酸丁咯地尔脱盐酸、脱羧裂解,剩下苯环骨架结构;第二阶段是苯环骨架完全氧化裂解。     

红外光谱法研究盐酸丁咯地尔的热降解过程

本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重等多种分析方法,对盐酸丁咯地尔的热降解机理进行了较为详细的研究。实验结果表明盐酸丁咯地尔的热氧降解过程分为两个明显的阶段:一是脱盐酸、脱羧裂解,剩下苯环骨架结构;二是苯环骨架完全氧化裂解。通过对原药及其热氧降解中间产物的红外光谱分析,证实了以上的热氧降解历程。     

Chemiluminescence determination of metformin based on hydroxyl radical reaction and molecularly imprinted polymer on-line enrichment

A novel and simple chemiluminescence (CL) method has been developed and validated for determination of metformin. This method is based on hydroxyl radical chemiluminescence—the hydroxyl radical generated by reaction of Cu(II) and hydrogen peroxide oxidizes rhodamine B (RhB) to produce weak CL which can be enhanced by metformin. At the same time, metformin molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized. After enrichment based on the selectivity of metformin-MIP, the CL method was successfully applied to the determination of metformin in human serum. The linear range was from 1.0×10⁻⁸ to 1.0×10⁻⁶ g mL⁻¹ and the detection limit was 4×10⁻⁹ g mL⁻¹. The relative standard deviation at 2.0×10⁻⁷ g mL⁻¹ by use of MIP was 3.67% (n=7).     

HPLC测定金贝痰咳清颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱和绿原酸的含量

采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶（200mm×4.6mm,5μm）为固定相,以0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钾-甲醇-三乙胺（95∶5∶0.5）为流动相（用磷酸调节pH值至3.0）,在210nm波长测定金贝痰咳清颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱含量;以乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液（13∶87）为流动相,在327nm波长测定金贝痰咳清颗粒中绿原酸含量。盐酸麻黄碱在0.204—1.02μg范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9998）,回收率为99.31%（RSD为0.70%）。绿原酸在0.09—0.45μg范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9996）,回收率为99.05%（RSD为0.65%）。该方法简便准确,重复性好,处方中其他成分对测定无干扰,可作为本产品的质量控制方法。     

Near infra-red reflectance spectroscopic determination of metformin in tablets

A rapid and simple near infra red reflectance spectroscopic method was described for determination of anti-diabetic tablets. Partial least squares method was applied to the Savitsky-Golay smoothed first derivative spectral data revealed over wavelength range 1000-2500 nm from 11 different pulverized tablet batches in 2-mm quartz cell. The results were agreed well with those obtained by the official British Pharmacopoiea 1998 UV assay of metformin.     

Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for rapid screening of metformin

A molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) method has been developed for the rapid screening of metformin. Newly synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) particles were slurry-packed into a micro-column for selective solid phase extraction (SPE) of metformin. With CH₃CN flowing at 0.5 ml/min, a total binding capacity of 1600 ng metformin was determined for the 20 mg of MIP particles. A broad range of MISPE conditions was evaluated with respect to sample solvent, pH, and buffer compositions. A 95±2% binding could be achieved from one 20-μl injection of sample solution in acetonitrile plus phosphate buffer, up to 1200 ng of metformin. However, the micro-column interacted indiscriminately with phenformin, a structural analogue, to attain 49±2% binding. Separation of phenformin from metformin was ultimately achieved, using differential pulsed elution (DPE) with 1 M trifluoromethacrylic acid in acetonitrile. Final pulsed elution (FPE) using 3% trifluoroacetic acid in methanol was good for the quantitative elution of metformin. The MISPE–DPE–FPE method, with UV detection at 240 nm, afforded a detection limit of 0.8 μg/ml (or 16 ng) for metformin. Each MISPE–DPE–FPE analysis required less than 5 min to complete.     

A catalytic multi-pumping flow system for the chemiluminometric determination of metformin

A multi-pumping flow system for the chemiluminometric determination of the hypoglycaemic drug metformin was implemented. The developed methodology was based on the metformin-induced inhibition (metformin acts as a Cu(II) scavenger) of the catalytic effect of Cu(II) ions on the chemiluminescent reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide. The flow manifold configuration was based on the utilisation of multiple solenoid-actuated micro-pumps that were simultaneously accountable for sample/reagent introduction and reaction zone formation/propulsion, thus resulting in a fully automated, simple and highly selective multi-pumping flow system. A versatile sample manipulation allowed the establishment of distinct sampling strategies with low reagent consumption. The characteristic pulsed flow ensured an effective sample/reagent mixing leading to a better and faster reaction zone homogenisation and thus improved analytical signals. Linear calibration plots were obtained for metformin hydrochloride concentrations ranging from 5 to 15 mg L^–1 with a relative standard deviation lower than 2.0% (n=5). Detection limit was 0.94 mg L^–1, and the sampling rate was about 95 determinations per hour. The developed methodology was applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and the obtained results were in agreement with those furnished by the reference method with relative percentage deviations of lower than 1.5%.     

Simultaneous Determination of Metformin and Glyburide in Tablets by HPTLC

Simultaneous determination of two antidiabetic drugs, metformin and glyburide, in pharmaceutical tablet formulations were investigated. Normal phase thin layer chromatography plate (silica gel 60 F₂₅₄) was used as stationary phase and water/methanol/ammonium sulfate (2/1/0.5 w/v) as mobile phase to determine two pharmaceutically active ingredients, in three different formulations of Glucovance^®. This system gave a good resolution for metformin (R _f value of 0.43 ± 0.01) and glyburide (R _f value of 0.64 ± 0.02). Determination was by densitometry in the absorbance mode at 237 nm. The linear regression data for the calibration plot showed a good relationship with r = 0.99581 and 0.99982 for metformin and glyburide, respectively. The method was validated for precision and recovery. The limits of detection and quantification were 25.24 and 84.12 ng spot^?1 for metformin and 12.26 and 40.86 ng spot^?1 for glyburide, respectively. Stability study has been carried out for samples and standard solutions.     

Potential antidiabetic molecule involving a new chromium(III) complex of dipicolinic and metformin as a counter ion: Synthesis,structure, spectroscopy,and bioactivity in mice

The chromium(III) complex, Cr(C₇H₃NO₄)₂·C₄H₁₂N₅ (1), was synthesised by chelating chromium with dipicolinic (H₂dipic) in methanol, and its structure was characterised using elemental analysis (EA), spectroscopy (infrared, UV–visible, and fluorescence) and single-crystal X-ray method. The density functional theoretical (DFT) computation was performed using the Gaussian 09 package. The stability of solution at different temperatures and pH values, the electrochemical, morphological and thermal properties of complex 1 were discussed. The preliminary bioactivities of complex 1 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice were investigated using daily oral gavage for 12 weeks. The cytotoxicity was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, and the acute toxicity experiment test was carried out on healthy C57BL/6 mice with this complex. The complex 1 crystallised in the monoclinic system with the space group P2(1)/n, R₁ = 0.0642. The DFT-optimised structure of complex 1 was in excellent agreement with the X-ray crystal structure. The complex 1 exhibited good physical and chemical properties and beneficial function on blood glucose and lipid metabolism for T2DM. The antidiabetic activity of chromium(III) might be associated with chromium(VI). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and the acute toxicity experiments showed that the complex 1 was hypotonic and secure to organism. The study of complex 1 showed that the prepared complex on the basis of H₂dipic and Met could inhibit hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in vivo and did not have potential toxicity. These results demonstrated that the complex 1 might provide an important reference for the development of functional hypoglycaemic foods or pharmaceuticals of T2DM.