X射线荧光能谱法测定贵金属含量的测量不确定度分析

研究了 X射线荧光能谱法测定贵金属含量的不确定度来源 ,通过 A类评定和 B类评定方法建立了测量结果不确定度的评定程序 ,使测量结果更具有科学性 ,从而能够规范地、定量地进行产品合格判定     

金属表面硅烷试剂膜结构及性能表征方法

综述了用硅烷试剂处理金属表面而形成的保护膜性能及结构的表面分析方法。详述了X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、次级离子质谱、椭圆光谱、电化学阻抗谱等方法在硅烷处理金属表面过程中的应用 ,通过对膜形成的机制、膜的键合方式、膜结构、膜厚度以及膜的耐蚀性等方面的研究分析 ,探讨了它们对膜性能的影响 ,并用各种不同的参数表征了金属基材上硅烷膜的特性。同时指出了所述各种表面分析方法用于金属表面硅烷膜分析和检测的优点和不足之处 ,讨论了将各种表面分析技术联用起来以期得到更多有用的化学信息 ,以此可以指导硅烷化金属表面处理工艺过程。此外还提到了其他可用于金属表面硅烷膜性能的表征的分析技术 ,展望了金属表面硅烷膜分析的研究。     

Reconstruction of the acoustic impedance profile in a plate using an inverse spectral procedure

An inverse spectral procedure was applied to reconstruct the acoustic impedance profile along the thickness direction of a plate using its thickness resonance frequencies, density and thickness. For a successful reconstruction, the material-property profile must be symmetric about the mid-plane of the plate. Several cases of numerical simulations, including plates with a few layers and with a high number of layers are described. The calculated resonance frequencies were used to reconstruct the acoustic impedance profile, a process that was successful for all cases. We assume that a plate with a high number of layers, each with a different but constant acoustic impedance, simulates a plate with a smoothly varying acoustic impedance profile. It can be concluded that such a plate, which generates small, virtually undetectable, internally reflected waves, can also be reconstructed. In the special case of a plate of unknown thickness and unknown but constant density, the method is still useful, because a relative variation of the material property can be reconstructed using only the resonance frequencies. An experiment using a resonance-mode electromagnetic acoustic transducer (resonance-mode EMAT) is also described. EMAT is a non-contact ultrasonic method that can measure thickness resonance frequencies, making it appropriate for this method. Some examples of applications are measurement of the temperature profile inside a rolled metal sheet, measurement of a clad metal plate, and monitoring of a metal casting.     

ICP-AES测定油田水中的多种金属元素

研究了采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定油田水中铜、锌、锰、镍、铬、铁、锶、钡8种元素的方法.方法检出限为0.0003-0.0048μg·mL-1,回收率在96.7％-102.0％之间,相对标准偏差为0.77％-3.57％.采用该方法对油田水样进行了分析,结果表明精密度和准确度均满足分析要求.     

Lithium ion conduction in lithium borohydrides under high pressure

The high-pressure effects on lithium ion conduction in LiBH₄ have been investigated. The high-pressure ac-impedance measurement was performed by using a cubic anvil-type apparatus under 2 to 6 GPa at various temperatures. For the hexagonal structure (Phase I), the activation volume for lithium ion conduction was found to be around 3 cm³/mol (≈ 0.09V_m, where V_m means its molar volume). This activation volume is almost comparable to that for other fast-ion conductors such as NASICONs. The lithium ion conductivities of orthorhombic (Phase III) and cubic (Phase V) structures were also measured. Regardless of crystal structures, the activation energies of Phases I, III, and V were almost identical at around 50 to 60 kJ/mol; on the other hand, the pre-exponential terms of Phases III and V were smaller than those of Phase I by one to two orders of magnitude.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定臭牡丹中6种金属元素

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法直接对臭牡丹中的Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn、Zn、Mg 6种金属元素进行了测定.样品采用浓硝酸双氧水消解,应用校准曲线法测定.结果表明其富含上述6种金属元素,其中以钙、镁含量为高,方法回收率在95.00%-103.67%之间.     

Metallic nanoparticles on plasma treated carbon nanotubes: Nanohybrids

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were decorated with metal clusters by thermal evaporation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the nature and extent of metal coverage can be varied by plasma treating the MWCNT surface. The metal clusters on oxygen plasma treated arc-discharge MWCNTs have a more dense distribution than the clusters evaporated on as-synthesized arc-discharge MWCNTs. In contrast, the plasma treatment did not affect the cluster distribution on CVD MWCNTs. Analyses of the valence band and the core levels by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggest poor charge transfer between gold clusters and MWCNTs; on the contrary suggest good charge transfer between Ni clusters and MWCNTs.     

Combustion of bimodal nano/micron-sized aluminum particle dust in air

The combustion of bimodal nano/micron-sized aluminum particles with air is studied both analytically and experimentally in a well-characterized laminar particle-laden flow. Experimentally, an apparatus capable of producing Bunsen-type premixed flames was constructed to investigate the flame characteristics of bimodal-particle/air mixtures. The flame speed is positively affected by increasing the mass fraction of nano particles in the fuel formulation despite the lower flame luminosity and thicker flame zone. Theoretically, the flames are assumed to consist of several different regimes for fuel-lean mixture, including the preheat, flame, and post flame zones. The flame speed and temperature distribution are derived by solving the energy equation in each regime and matching the temperature and heat flux at the interfacial boundaries. The analysis allows for the investigation of the effects of particle composition and equivalence ratio on the burning characteristics of aluminum-particle/air mixtures. Reasonable agreement between theoretical results and experimental data was obtained in terms of flame speed. The flame structure of a bimodal particle dust cloud may display either an overlapping or a separated configuration, depending on the combustion properties of aluminum particles at different scales. At low percentages of nano particles in the fuel formulation, the flame exhibits a separated spatial structure with a wider flame regime. At higher nano-particle loadings, overlapping flame configurations are observed.     

可见光谱法研究肌红蛋白血红素铁与金属离子相互作用(Ⅰ)

肌红蛋白(Myoglobin,Mb)是哺乳动物细胞主要是肌细胞贮存和分配氧的蛋白质, 由一条多肽链和一个血红素辅基构成,其血红素铁在氧气的传递和运输中起到关键作用。文章利用紫外-可见光谱法对肌红蛋白的血红素铁和外加金属离子M(Ⅱ)[Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ)和Co(Ⅱ)] 的直接相互作用进行了研究。结果发现, 金属离子M(Ⅱ)与肌红蛋白活性中心的Fe(Ⅱ)发生了直接相互作用,外加金属离子将铁离子从肌红蛋白中“拖拽”出来,形成部分空位肌红蛋白衍生物。同时研究了外界条件,如离子浓度对这种相互作用的影响,发现随着外加金属离子量的增加这种相互作用逐渐增强,其作用强度依次为Co(Ⅱ)＞Zn(Ⅱ)＞Cu(Ⅱ)。 研究证实了肌红蛋白的血红素铁与金属离子之间存在直接相互作用,并且离子浓度对这种相互作用有影响。     

On the hydrogen etching mechanism in plasma nitriding of metals

Iron alloys and aluminum were nitrogen implanted in a controlled oxygen atmosphere and the role of hydrogen on the surface etching mechanisms studied. The surface composition was analyzed by in situ photoemission electron spectroscopy (XPS). In iron alloys, hydrogen strongly etches oxygen, improving nitrogen retention on the surface. On the other hand, hydrogen removes nitrogen from aluminum surfaces, with a deleterious effect on the nitriding effectiveness. The oxygen removal in iron alloys is associated with the catalytic effect of electrons in d-orbitals and the nitrogen removal in aluminum is associated with a steric effect.