Non-isothermal short-range-order kinetics of binary alloys as influenced by solute-vacancy complexes

A model describing the roles of bound and unbound vacancies is proposed in order to predict defect decay and short-range-order kinetics of quenched binary alloys during linear heating experiments. This is an alternative treatment of a previous approach. The model has been applied to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of Cu-5 at.% Zn quenched from different temperatures. An expression to calculate the activation energy for migration of solute-vacancy complexes was also developed which make use of DSC trace data. A value of 89.12±0.32 kJ mol^-1 was obtained for the above alloy. The relative contribution of bound and unbound vacancies to partition of effective activation energy corresponding to the ordering process as influenced by quenching temperature was also assessed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Roles of rhenium diimine complexes as metal‐ion probes and photosensitizers in functional polyurethanes

Polyurethanes incorporated with rhenium diimine complexes were synthesized. The polymers exhibited interesting morphologies and solution properties. Results from gel permeation chromatography suggested the formation of polymer aggregates in solutions. The polymers could act as probes for metal ions. The addition of metal ions to polymer solutions led to significant changes in the electronic absorption properties of the polymer solutions. This was attributed to the interactions between the polyether moieties and metal ions. The metal complexes could also act as efficient photosensitizers. After doping with charge‐transport viologens, the photoconductivity of the polymers was greatly enhanced. The experimental quantum efficiency was simulated with Onsager's theory. The thermalization distances and the primary yields were typically 12–14 Å and 10^?3, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1708–1715, 2003     

Quantum-Chemical Study of Structural and Energy Characteristics of Benzonitrile Dimers

Ab initio MP2 calculations with several basis sets proved the existence of a stable benzonitrile dimer with a planar structure and a short contact between the H atom of one molecule and the N atom of another. The structure is greatly stabilized by attraction between the neighboring oppositely directed dipoles and donor-acceptor interaction between the orbital of the lone electron pair of the N′ atom and the vacant antibonding orbital localized on the C-H bond.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by O. V. Sizova, E. P. Sokolova, V. I. Baranovskii, D. A. Rozmanov, and O. A. Tomashenko__________Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 807–815, September–October, 2004.     

Dicyclopentadienyl complexes of titanium,niobium, and tungsten in the controlled synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Organometallic compounds Cp₂TiCl₂, (EtC₅H₄)₂NbCl₂, and (PrⁱC₅H₄)₂WCl₂ were assessed as additives that control polymer chain growth in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. In the presence of compounds mentioned in amounts comparable with that of the initiator, a uniform process with no gel-effect occured and respective linear increase in the molecular weight of the polymer up to high degrees of the monomer conversion was observed.     

Synthesis and characterization of alt‐bipyridinylene‐phenylene copolymers containing ruthenium(II) complexes

Poly{bis(4,4′‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)–(2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐diyl‐[1,4‐phenylene])–ruthenium(II)bishexafluorophosphate} ( 3a ), poly{bis(4,4′‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)–(2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′‐diyl‐[1,4‐phenylene])–ruthenium(II)bishexafluorophosphate} ( 3b ), and poly{bis(2,2′‐bipyridine)–(2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐diyl‐[1,4‐phenylene])–ruthenium(II)bishexafluorophosphate} ( 3c ) were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The alternating structure of the copolymers was confirmed by ¹H and ¹³C NMR and elemental analysis. The polymers showed, by ultraviolet–visible, the π–π* absorption of the polymer backbone (320–380 nm) and at a lower energy attributed to the d–π* metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer absorption (450 nm for linear 3a and 480 nm for angular 3b ). The polymers were characterized by a monomodal molecular weight distribution. The degree of polymerization was approximately 8 for polymer 3b and 28 for polymer 3d . © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2911–2919, 2004     

Design and synthesis of Ru(II-bipyridyl-containing conjugated polymers

A series of novel π-conjugated polymers containing ruthenium bipyridine complexes was synthesized by a cross-coupling reaction and characterized. These polymers exhibit absorption maxima around 330–350 nm (π-π*) and 460–500 nm metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), respectively. They are soluble in common organic solvents, and all polymers can be converted into transparent films. We investigated the influence of different donating and acceptor diethynylarenes of the ultraviolet-visible spectra. The oxidation potential, which was measured by cyclic- and square-wave voltametry, showed a typical Ru^2+/3+ exhibited at 1.25 V versus the saturated calomel electrode. The polymers were further characterized with photoluminescence measurements. When excited at 442 nm ( 11a ), the polymer exhibited an emission peak at 690 nm. This peak was attributed to the MLCT states. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 722–732, 2004     

Metallo‐supramolecular block copolymer micelles: Improved preparation and characterization

Micelles prepared from amphiphilic block copolymers in which a poly(styrene) segment is connected to a poly(ethylene oxide) block via a bis‐(2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine‐ruthenium) complex have been intensely studied. In most cases, the micelle populations were found to be strongly heterogeneous in size because of massive micelle/micelle aggregation. In the study reported in this article we tried to improve the homogeneity of the micelle population. The variant preparation procedure developed, which is described here, was used to prepare two “protomer”‐type micelles: PS₂₀‐[Ru]‐PEO₇₀ and PS₂₀‐[Ru]‐PEO₃₇₅. The dropwise addition of water to a solution of the compounds in dimethylformamide was replaced by the controlled addition of water by a syringe pump. The resulting micelles were characterized by sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium analyses in an analytical ultracentrifuge and by transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained samples. Sedimentation analysis showed virtually unimodal size distributions, in contrast to the findings on micelles prepared previously. PS₂₀‐[Ru]‐PEO₇₀ micelles were found to have an average molar mass of 318,000 g/mol (corresponding to 53 protomers per micelle, which is distinctly less than after micelle preparation by the standard method) and an average hydrodynamic diameter (d_h) of 18 nm. For PS₂₀‐[Ru]‐PEO₃₇₅ micelles, the corresponding values were M = 603,000 g/mol (31 protomers per micelle) and d_h = 34 nm. The latter particles were found to be identical to the “equilibrium” micelles prepared in pure water. Both micelle types had a very narrow molar mass distribution but a much broader distribution of s values and thus of hydrodynamic diameters. This indicates a conformational heterogeneity that is stable on the time scale of sedimentation velocity analysis. The findings from electron microscopy were in disagreement with those from the sedimentation analysis both in average micelle diameter and in the width of the distributions, apparently because of imperfections in the staining procedure. The preparation procedure described also may be useful in micelle formation from other types of protomers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4458–4465, 2004     

Thermal behavior of metallodendrimers possessing bis(terpyridinyl)Ru(II) connectivity and different surface functionality

A series of metallodendrimers, assembled by means of bis(terpyridinyl)Ru^(II) connectivity on poly(propylene imine) dendrimer scaffolds, with homogeneous or heterogeneous surfaces, were prepared. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to determine their thermal behavior, glass‐transition temperatures, and the decomposition kinetics and temperatures; no synergy effects for these properties were observed for the heterogeneously surfaced constructs in contrast to the corresponding homogeneously coated materials, which exhibited different values depending on their surface functionalities. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1487–1495, 2004     

Direct Observation of Non-covalent Complexes for Phosphorylated Flavonoid-protein Interaction by ESI

Diethyl flavon-7-yl phosphate was synthesized by modified Atheron-Todd reaction. The result of ESI shows that the phosphated flavonoids possess stronger binding affinities toward proteins such as myoglobin, insulin and lysozyme and are easier to form the non-covalent complexes with them.     

三种胺羧配合物的113Cd NMR研究

该文对Cd-HEDTA(N-(2-羟基乙基)乙二胺-N',N',N'-三乙酸),Cd-PDTA(1,2丙二胺四乙酸)和Cd-DTPA(二乙三胺五乙酸)的¹¹³Cd NMR谱和自旋晶格弛豫时间T₁,及NOE因子进行了研究.结果表明,Cd-HEDTA和Cd-PDTA结构与Cd-EDTA类似,Cd-PDTA双线归因于其可能的两种异构体.Cd-DTPA大的化学位移表明其具有七配位的五角双锥结构.在这种结构中DTPA可用三个氮原子参加配位.对¹¹³Cd自旋晶格弛豫时间分析表明,Cd-DTPA配合物中质子偶极作用机理的贡献较大,这归因于Cd DTPA有更多的乙酸根亚甲基质子参与偶极作用.