2D siloxene supported NiO/Co3O4 electrocatalyst for the stable and efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

The activity of NiO/Co₃O₄ for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during water splitting was increased by depositing these metal oxides on siloxene multi-sheets. The improvement in active sites due to siloxene was used to increase the catalytic activity. The hierarchical structure of the composite with the synergistic effect of metal oxides helped enhance the catalytic activity to show a low overpotential of 110 mV at 10 mA/cm² in 1 M KOH and stability at 10 mA/cm² over 20 h without an obvious change in voltage. The as-prepared catalyst can be a promising electrocatalyst for the HER owing to the low cost of transition metal oxides, the abundance of silicon on Earth, and the simplicity of the synthesis process.     

新型双间隙虚阴极振荡器的理论分析和数值模拟

 该新型双间隙虚阴极振荡器的互作用区为一带孔金属薄膜隔开的两个圆柱形谐振腔;器件采用侧向提取同轴输出的方法,具有输出效率高和输出模式纯的优点;第一阳极薄膜采用了局部薄膜结构。对互作用腔进行冷腔分析,计算得到互作用腔Ⅰ和Ⅱ的品质因子分别为6 960和71.8,共振频率为2.3 GHz。当电子束电压为515 kV、电流为10 kA时,通过参数优化,模拟得到周期平均峰值功率大于570 MW、频率约2.4 GHz的微波输出,效率达到11%。模拟还发现电子束的最佳阻抗值约为51.5 W;电子束的输入功率在较大范围内变化时,器件的输出效率保持大于10%;在一定的范围内,器件的输出效率随电子束密度的增加而增加。对器件中由于电子能量沉积而引起的阳极膜的温升进行了估算,得到膜的最高温度为434 K,远低于熔点933 K。     

多点侧面泵浦双包层光纤激光器的对称夹层结构

 利用基于亚波长衍射光栅理论的介质-金属-介质的对称夹层结构,对掺杂的双包层光纤进行多点泵浦,根据严格的电磁场衍射理论和光栅方程,分析了多点泵浦时,这种耦合结构的泵浦光泄露的问题,证明了多点泵浦时泵浦光的泄露率仅为15.52%,而对信号光则不存在泄露。这种对称夹层结构可以用于多个大功率激光二极管阵列的多点侧面泵浦双包层掺杂光纤中,以制作各种大功率(数kW级)稀土光纤激光器,其最大耦合效率可以达到80%以上。     

First-principles investigations of the Ni3Sn alloy at steam reforming conditions

The structure and surface composition of a Ni₃Sn alloy at conditions relevant for the steam reforming reaction was investigated using density functional theory calculations. Both the flat Ni₃Sn(0 0 0 1) surface and a surface with steps in the closed packed direction [1 0  0]were considered. The adsorption geometries and energies of the species CO, C, OH and H were calculated. Chemical potentials were used to map out which adsorbates are on the surface under varying conditions. It was found that adsorbates preferably bind to Ni as nearest neighbor with Sn as second-nearest neighbor. The binding energy is slightly stronger than on pure Ni. Adsorbate binding to Sn was found to be very unfavorable. Binding free energies indicate that at high temperature the alloy surface will be predominantly covered by CO and C, and at low temperatures one may find H and almost no OH. Even though the nominal composition of the investigated alloy is Ni₃Sn, the surface composition may differ significantly depending on temperature and pressure of the gas phase. This effect was investigated by calculating segregation energies both in the absence and in the presence of adsorbates. For the flat surface, it was found that only the bulk termination is present under relevant conditions. In contrast, it was found that for steps preferential adsorption of CO and C on Ni sites may lead to adsorption-induced segregation at temperatures below 400 °C. When taking segregation into account, the most stable Ni₃Sn surfaces will not bind CO or C at the same condition that Ni does. This is in excellent agreement with the previously proven ability of Ni-Sn alloys to inhibit graphite formation.     

蓝光存储偶氮染料及偶氮金属染料的研究进展

综述了可用于新一代高密度光盘的蓝光存储偶氮染料和偶氮金属染料的研究进展,重点阐述了蓝光存储偶氮染料和偶氮金属染料的结构、性能和应用,并对其发展趋势作了展望。     

微波消解技术在金属分析中的应用

简要介绍了微波消解技术的基本原理和特点,提出了消解所用酸的种类和用量,指出了微波消解的一些注意事项,并对近年来微波消解技术在金属方面的应用做了综述。     

用火焰原子吸收光谱法对傣药灯台叶中八种金属元素进行形态分析

照传统煎煮法对中药灯台叶中铜、锌、铁、镁、钙、铬、锰和镉8种元素进行提取;用微孔滤膜分离提取液中的可溶态与悬浮态,利用大孔吸附树脂柱对可溶态中的有机态与无机态进行分离;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对各种形态中的8种元素进行测定。结果显示,灯台叶中8种元素的总提取率为9.84%～89.07%,浸留比为10.96%～903.4%,悬浮态颗粒吸附率为3.44%～23.37%。该法对各元素的加标回收率为94.5%～111.6%;相对标准偏差在0.29%～2.47%之间,测定结果的精密度和准确度令人满意。     

二硫纶和菲咯啉二酮混配金属锰(Ⅱ), 铁(Ⅱ), 钴(Ⅱ)配合物的红外光谱与配位模式

报道了新近合成的二氰基二硫纶和菲咯啉-5,6-二酮混配锰(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅱ)及钴(Ⅱ)配合物MLL′(L=mnt2-,1,2-二氰基乙烯-1,2-二硫醇离子;L′=phen-5,6-dione,菲咯啉-5,6-二酮)红外-远红外光谱实验数据。在红外及远红外光谱中,特征ν(CN),ν(CO),ν(CC),ν(CN),ν(C—S),ν(M—S),ν(M—N)吸收较强,远红外光谱表明配合物中M—S键比M—N键强。利用群论方法分析了标题配合物MLL′的简正坐标和配位模式,探讨了这类配合物的红外光谱与结构的关系。标题配合物中过渡金属离子与二氰基二硫纶和菲咯啉二酮形成四配位的畸变四面体构型,其对称性近似于C2和C2V。