无富集进样原子荧光光谱法测定地表水中的痕量汞

通过增大样品进样量的方式,样品进样量是标准进样量的10-100倍,降低了汞的检出限,从而达到了无富集直接进样测定地表水中痕量汞.其检出限为0.008μg/L;浓度为0.05μg/L和0.10μg/L左右的有证标准物质测定均值分别为0.0483μg/L和0.1016μg/L,加标回收率为92.3％和95.2％.灵敏度高,精密度好,能达到准确定量Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类地表水汞(0.05μg/L以下)的要求.对汉江湖北段水样进行测定,在较洁净的地表水分析中,氧化还原处理后与酸化水样测定结果差异不大,处理后水样结果略微增大.建议对较洁净的地表水样品将氧化还原预处理步骤省略掉,直接进样.     

Mercury arc lamp based super-resolution imaging with conventional fluorescence microscopes

We present an implementation of localization based three-dimensional super-resolution imaging on a regular microscope. We retain the original arc lamp as the photoactivation light source, and incorporate an inexpensive diode laser for imaging. As alterations to the standard microscope is minimal, this optical setup can be easily adapted in a typical research laboratory and even undergraduate teaching experiments, providing an inexpensive system for students and research scientists who require such super resolution capabilities. With this simple design, a spatial resolution of better than 40 nm at a reasonable frame rate has been achieved, adequate for most routine applications.     

“强光一号”等离子体开关及负载稳定性分析

"强光一号"等离子体断路开关(POS)及负载二极管系统工作性能不够稳定,通过分析数据指出POS等离子体源参数差异性是导致系统不稳定的主要原因。POS等离子体源参数重复性测量结果表明,在开关断路时刻等离子体源瞬时发射等离子体密度重复性极差在10%左右,而开关区间累积等离子体密度极差超过100%。开关区间累积等离子体密度和阴极重粒子发射会对POS断路性能产生显著影响。计算表明开关区间累积等离子体密度差异对POS断路电流阈值影响达到200kA,与运行数据统计结果一致;在断路电流阈值相同的条件下,阴极物质逸出对二极管电压影响显著,MCNP程序计算结果表明,产生辐射剂量差别可以达到80%,与统计数据相当。     

紫外成像器件光电阴极封接焊料熔层缺陷对气密性的影响

为解决紫外成像器件光电阴极与管体封接漏气问题,对管体InSn合金熔化过程中出现的质量问题进行了深入分析,找出焊料熔层缺陷主要来源于对焊料除气不彻底和基底表面氧化及设备油污染。通过优化工艺参数,改进工艺质量和把化铟设备管体搁置焊料熔化改为浇铸熔化,使管体焊料熔化合格率达到了100%,光电阴极与管体封接气密性成品率达到98%。     

紫花地丁中汞的原子荧光法测定

利用还原气化的非色散型装置，以湿法消解的方式，建立了原子荧光测定紫花地丁中痕量汞的测定方法，同时比较了不同玻璃仪器的洗涤方法和不同的定量方法，试验回收率在86．9％－110．8％之间，误差＜8．5％，通过对实际样品的测定，得到了满意的结果。     

Investigation of unstable motion characteristics of vacuum arc cathode spots between transverse magnetic field contacts

With the improvement of the current level of power grids, the requirements of the opening level of the vacuum switches are also increasing. Vacuum arc cathode spots provide steam and electrons and, to a certain extent, determine the opening capacity of the vacuum switch. In this paper, a vacuum arc cathode spot research platform based on the de-mountable vacuum chamber is constructed. The characteristics of the vacuum arc cathode spots under the transverse magnetic field (TMF) contacts are assessed by a high-speed charge coupled device. The experimental results show that the cathode spot diffusion process can be divided into three processes through cathode spot distribution, arc voltage and current: initial diffusion stage of cathode spots, unstable motion stage of cathode spots, and extinguishing stage. The motion mode of cathode spots during unstable motion stage can be divided into cathode spots group stagnation (CSGS) to multi-cathode jet (MCJ) switch mode, cathode spots group motion (CSGM) to MCJ switch mode, CSGM mode, and MCJ mode. The effects of peak current and contact diameter on unstable motion mode were analysed.     

固体吸附管捕集冷原子吸收光谱法测定工作场所空气中汞的研究

建立了工作场所空气中汞及其化合物的高锰酸钾-二氧化锰混合固体吸附管捕集、冷原子吸收测定方法。用高锰酸钾与二氧化锰按质量比1∶1混合后填装玻璃管制成固体吸附管捕集工作场所空气中汞,并以0.90 mol·L-1的硫酸溶液解吸后冷原子吸收光谱法测定,与高锰酸钾-硫酸吸收液法的采样效率、样品稳定性、穿透容量进行了比对。在0.000 2~0.015 0 mg·L-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 1,空气中汞在0.001~2.820 mg·m-3范围内,平均采样效率为99.9%~100.0%,300 mg吸附剂对汞的穿透容量大于505.4 μg,吸附管对汞的平均加标回收率为96.4%~103.8%,日内、日间精密度分别为3.0%~3.3%,3.5%~5.2%,最低检出浓度为0.001 3 mg·m-3(以采集7.5 L空气样品计)、0.000 6(以96 L空气样品计)。采集后的吸附管在室温下保存30 d,下降率小于0.1%。固体吸附管采样方法简单,适用于工作场所空气中汞及其化合物的短时间、时间加权平均浓度及个体暴露浓度的采样检测。     

Simulation of Vacuum Microelectronic Triode Made of Single Carbon Nanotube

Vacuum microelectronic triode performance, based upon a unit cell with a nanotube field emitter, gate, and anode, was evaluated via computer simulation. Electron emission was calculated from the modified Fowler-Nordheim equation. The dependence of emitted current, upon geometrical factors, e.g., nanotube radius, nanotube height, and gate's hole radius, is shown. The device design parameters of trans-conductance, and cutoff frequency have been calculated, which show that this structure can be used as a microwave and millimeter wave amplifier. Electron current flux is shown for time-dependent 1–Thz sinusoidal variation frequency input.     

Effect of external magnetic field on critical current for the onset of virtual cathode oscillations in relativistic electron beams

In this Letter we research the space charge limiting current value at which the oscillating virtual cathode is formed in the relativistic electron beam as a function of the external magnetic field guiding the beam electrons. It is shown that the space charge limiting (critical) current decreases with growth of the external magnetic field, and that there is an optimal induction value of the magnetic field at which the critical current for the onset of virtual cathode oscillations in the electron beam is minimum. For the strong external magnetic field the space charge limiting current corresponds to the analytical relation derived under the assumption that the motion of the electron beam is one-dimensional [D.J. Sullivan, J.E. Walsh, E. Coutsias, in: V.L. Granatstein, I. Alexeff (Eds.), Virtual Cathode Oscillator (Vircator) Theory, in: High Power Microwave Sources, vol. 13, Artech House Microwave Library, 1987, Chapter 13]. Such behavior is explained by the characteristic features of the dynamics of electron space charge in the longitudinal and radial directions in the drift space at the different external magnetic fields.     

我国某地方地表水质的研究

研究了Hg、As、Se、Cu、Pb和大肠菌群等方面含量.分析了地表水现状、特征及其原因。研究结果表明:地表水质各指标的实测数值有些不符合国家地表水标准,污水水质在一定范围内波动:Hg(0—O.012μg·L^-1)、As(0.7—39μg·L^-1)、Se(0.04—0.7μg·L^-1)、Cu(0—0.003mg·L^-1)、Pb(0—0.016mg·L^-1)、粪大肠菌群(0—52000N·L^-1)。地表水污染可能是由工业废水和生活废水的排放情况造成的。研究表明,Hg、As、Se、Cu、Pb基本符合要求,部分大肠菌群超标。