CdS修饰玻碳电极电化学发光法检测三聚氰胺

本文将CdS纳米棒修饰到玻碳电极上制作了CdS修饰玻碳电极(CdS/GCE)并研究了其在K2S2O8溶液中的电化学发光(ECL)性能.基于三聚氰胺能淬灭CdSK2s2O8电化学发光的性质建立了一种检测三聚氰胺的方法.在最优条件下,体系的ECL强度与三聚氰胺浓度在1.0×10-9～1.0×10-7 mol/L范围内与EC...     

高效液相色谱法检测食品接触产品中的三聚氰胺及其衍生物的迁移量

建立了高效液相色谱同时检测三聚氰胺(MEL)及其衍生物——三聚氰酸二酰胺(ANE)、三聚氰酸一酰胺(ADE)和三聚氰酸(CYA)单体迁移量的方法.样品分别采用水、4％乙酸、10％乙醇作为食品模拟物,在70℃浸泡4h,浸泡液过0.45μm微孔薄膜后进入色谱柱.色谱分离采用Luna NH2柱,柱温:30℃,流动相为V(乙腈...     

Effect of Inorganic Solids,Wax to Asphaltene Ratio,and Water Cut on the Stability of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions

The formation of stable water-in-crude oil emulsions during petroleum production and refinery may create sever and costly separation problems. It is very important to understand the mechanism and factors contributing to the formation and stabilization of such emulsions for both great economic and environmental development. This article investigates some of the factors controlling the stability of water-in-crude oil emulsions formed in Burgan oil field in Kuwait. Water-in-crude oil emulsion samples collected from Burgan oil filed have been used to separate asphaltenes, resins, waxes, and crude oil fractions. These fractions were used to prepare emulsion samples to study the effect of solid particles (Fe₃O₄) on the stability of emulsions samples. Results indicate that high solid content lead to higher degree of emulsion stability. Stability of emulsion samples under various waxes to asphaltenes (W/A) ratios have also been tested. These tests showed that at low W/A content, the emulsions were very stable. While at a wax to asphaltene ratio above 1 to 1, the addition of wax reduced emulsion stability. Stability of emulsion samples with varying amount of water cut has also been investigated. Results indicated that stability and hence viscosity of emulsion increases as a function of increasing the water cut until it reaches the inversion point where a sharp decline in viscosity takes place. This inversion point was found to be approximately at 50% water cut for the crude oils considered in this study.     

几种吸附树脂对五氯酚钠吸附性能的研究

研究了几种树脂对五氯酚钠的吸附能力,其中戊二醛交联的壳聚糖树脂不仅有较好的吸附效果,动态吸附容量为187.5mg/g干树脂,而且易洗脱,洗脱率高达90%以上。     

Aniline-terephthalaldehyde resin p-toluenesulfonate (ATRT) as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for alcoholysis,hydrolysis, and acetolysis of epoxides

Alcoholysis, hydrolysis, and acetolysis of epoxides were carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of aniline-terephthalaldehyde resin p-toluenesulfonate (ATRT) to give the corresponding β-substituted alcohols in good yields. Alcoholysis and hydrolysis of epoxides catalyzed by ATRT proceeded faster than those by pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS).     

自组装有序纳米银线表面增强拉曼光谱检测牛奶中三聚氰胺

制备具有表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)增强效果的基底是获得灵敏SERS检测的基础.本研究以多元醇法合成、流体流动法组装制备的有序纳米银线作为三聚氰胺的SERS增强基底,实现了样品中痕量三聚氰胺的快速灵敏检测.通过理论计算及实验考察得到了三聚氰胺的拉曼特征峰,优化了三聚氰胺在有序纳米银线基底上的SERS检测条件.在pH=8、水为溶剂、溶剂挥发时间为14 min的最佳条件下,三聚氰胺特征峰强度与浓度在0.05 ～ 1.00 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,其线性相关系数R=0.997,检测限为0.05 mg/L.在牛奶中添加不同浓度的三聚氰胺,其回收率为89.7％～ 109.2％,相对标准偏差低于6.8％.本方法对三聚氰胺检测具有很好的灵敏度和稳定性,为其它小分子化合物的SERS检测提供技术支持.     

Macro-Reticular Ion Exchange Resins for Recovery of Direct Dyes from Spent Dyeing and Soaping Liquors

Dyes are a major class of organic pollutants that are well-known for their harmful impact on aquatic life and humans. Several new strategies for removing colours from industrial and residential effluents have recently emerged, with adsorption being the best option. The current study looked at the recovery of direct dyes from aqueous streams for reuse using macro-reticular ion exchange resins (IERs). The investigation includes dyeing single jersey cotton grey textiles with direct dyes from the Isma dye Company in Kafr El Dawar, Egypt. After centrifuging and separating the supernatant liquid, solutions from thirteen different dyes, produced at an average concentration between the wasted and soaping liquor concentrations, were calculated spectrophotometrically from the first dyeing trials. Kinetic data were well fitted with pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. The amounts of dye retained by the anion exchangers increased with a rise in temperature in the case of Strong Base Resin (SBR) and vice versa for Weak Base Resin (WBR). Batch adsorption experiments with SBR and WBR were conducted for each dye, and both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were constructed. It was found that adsorption obeyed both isotherms, that monolayer adsorption took place, and that the dye molecular weight, structure, and solubility, as well as the type of anionic resin used, had varying effects on the extent of absorption. The monolayer sorption capacities Q₀ determined from the Langmuir isotherm model for the strongly and weakly basic anion exchangers were found to be 537.6 and 692 mg/g for Direct Yellow RL, respectively. As a result, Yellow RL exhibited the greatest adsorption on both SBR and WBR. Orange GRLL, Blue 3B, and Congo Red, on the other hand, were the poorest colours absorbed by the IERs, whereas Blue RL demonstrated good adsorption by SBR and accelerated adsorption by WBR. Most of the dyes may be recovered and reused in this manner.     

Poly(vinylbenzyl Pyridinium Salts) as Novel Sorbents for Hazardous Metals Ions Removal

Novel efficient complexing resins—poly(vinylbenzyl pyridinium salts) fabricated through poly(vinylbenzyl halogene-co-divinylbenzene) quaternization of N-decyloxy-1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethaneimine and N-decyloxy-1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethaneimine—were tested as adsorbents of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions. The structure of these materials was established by ¹³C CP-MAS NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. The textural properties were determined using scanning electron microscopy and low-temperature N₂ sorption. Based on the conducted sorption studies, it was shown that the uptake behavior of the metal ions towards novel resins depended on the type of functionalities, contact time, pH, metal concentrations, and the resin dosage. The Langmuir model was investigated to be the best one for fitting isothermal adsorption equilibrium data, and the corresponding adsorption capacities were predicted to be 296.4, 201.8, 83.8, 38.1, and 39.3 mg/g for Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II), respectively. These results confirmed that owing to the presence of the functional pyridinium groups, the resins demonstrated proficient metal ion removal capacities. Furthermore, VBBr-D4EI could be successfully used for the selective uptake of Pb(II) from wastewater. It was also shown that the novel resins can be regenerated without significant loss of their sorption capacity.     

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Cellulase Extraction from Nymphaea hybrid Flower and Biological Activities: Antioxidant Activity,Protective Effect against ROS Oxidative Damage in HaCaT Cells and Inhibition of Melanin Production in B16 Cells

In this study, ultrasonic-assisted cellulase extraction (UCE) was applied to extract flavonoids and polyphenols from the Nymphaea hybrid flower. The extraction conditions were optimized using the response surface method (RSM) coupled with a Box-Behnken design. The crude extract of Nymphaea hybrid (NHE) was further purified using AB-8 macroporous resins, and the purified extract (NHEP) was characterized by FTIR and HPLC. In vitro activity determination by chemical method showed that NHEP displayed strong free radical scavenging abilities against the DPPH and ABTS radicals, good reduction power, and hyaluronidase inhibition. The cell viability by CCK-8 assays showed that NHEP had no significant cytotoxicity for B16 and HaCaT cells when the concentration was below 100 μg/mL and 120 μg/mL, respectively. NHEP with a concentration of 20–160 μg/mL can more effectively reduce the ROS level in H₂O₂ damaged HaCaT cells compared with 10 μg/mL of VC. The 40 μg/mL of NHEP had similar activity against intracellular melanin production in the B16 melanoma cells compared with 20 μg/mL Kojic acid. Good activities of antioxidation, whitening and protective effect against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage promote the potential for NHEP as a functional raw material in the field of cosmetics and medicine.