Mass and energy flow management in the sector of surface treatment

Vehicle refinishing body shops are concerned by the environmental policy against photochemical air pollution caused by VOC emissions. For supporting these small enterprises the mass and energy flow model IMPROVE has been developed. Based on an LCA-approach, the process steps of vehicle refinishing are modelled. The model IMPROVE helps to disseminate the consequences of product substitution in comparison to so far used products and techniques in the body shop. For the dissemination of experiences practical guidelines have been developed. Moreover, a comprehensible tool for the Solvent Balance is being offered. Thus, various means are available for consulting and also for strategic production planning for the SME in the sector.     

索伦森与pH

1909年丹麦生物化学家索伦森提出的pH概念及其测试方法,保证了啤酒产业中产品质量和风味的统一。由于科学概念的简捷性和严密性,pH概念在国内外传播中产生了一些理解上的歧义;pH试纸在使用中出现了化学知识内涵不清的问题,通过回顾历史,恢复其本来面目,促进化学教学规范发展。     

EDTA滴定法测定除尘灰中锌含量

采用灰化后再溶解试样的方法,成功解决了除尘灰因碳含量过高而难于溶解的问题;将灰化后的试样以HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4混酸溶解,在氯酸钾存在下,以铁盐作载体,用氨水沉淀分离大部分铁、铝、铅等元素,以硫脲-氟化物、硫代硫酸钠、抗坏血酸作掩蔽剂,掩蔽剩余少量铜、锡、铁等干扰元素,在pH=5.5~6条件下,以二甲酚橙为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴定得到锌的含量。方法的相对标准偏差在0.75%~2.8%,加标回收率在98.0%~102%。方法操作简便,且分析结果准确度、重现性较好,可以满足生产检验的需要。     

A New Solid-State pH Sensor and Its Application in the Construction of all Solid-State Urea Biosensor

A new solid-state pH sensor is developed using neutral poly(3-cyclohexyl thiophene) assembled over a Pt disk electrode. The new sensor is developed following two different approaches; 1) the neutral poly(3-cyclohexyl thiophene) dissolved in chloroform and subsequent coating on to a Pt disk electrode; 2) the neutral polymer is incorporated into plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane. In both cases the polymer modified electrode is sensitive to pH and a reversible super Nernstian behavior is observed. The typical response of the pH sensor and its reversibility are reported. The polymer coated electrode is subsequently used to construct an all solid-state urea sensor. The construction of this new urea sensor involves the following two major steps; a) 20 µL of urease solution (40 mg /mL) is allowed to assemble overnight at 4 °C over neutral poly (3-cyclohexyl thiophene) modified electrode; b) an organically modified sol-gel layer is allowed to form over the urease adsorbed polymer modified electrode. The new solid-state urea sensor provides excellent reproducibility of the measurements and is stable for 3 months when stored at 4 °C under dry condition. The typical response of the solid-state urea sensor and the calibration plot of urea analysis are reported.     

亮氨酸与异亮氨酸的表面增强拉曼光谱

报道了在蛋白质氨基酸中唯一一对异构体氨基酸——亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的FT-拉曼光谱和在银胶基底上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS). 归属了各振动、增强峰位并分析了异构体氨基酸分子内不同振动模式引起的拉曼位移及其在不同pH值下SERS的变化. 分子内不同的振动模式主要源于异构体氨基酸中一个甲基和主链的不同连接次序, 表现在拉曼光谱; 亮氨酸的甲基摇摆ρ(CH₃)和非对称变形δ_as(CH₃)在962, 945, 924和1454, 1408 cm^－1; 异亮氨酸的ρ(CH₃), δ_as(CH₃)在922和1448, 1420, 1394 cm^－1. C—CO, C—C, H—O…H及骨架晶格振动峰位基本对应. 饱和液态的拉曼光谱和SERS中, 各基团振动峰位的差异表现得更为明显. 初步推测了这对氨基酸异构体在银表面吸附状态的模型.     

取代3H-吲哚分子在Triton X-100反胶束中的光谱性质和存在状态研究

用光谱法研究了荧光分子2-(对-己基胺基)苯基-3, 3-二甲基-5-乙酯基-3H-吲哚基-甲基-二-十八烷基碘化铵(A)与Triton X-100/正庚烷/正己醇/水反胶束间的相互作用。分别测定了A在Triton X-100反胶束体系中所处环境的微极性、各向异性参数和pH效应,此外还通过红外吸收光谱考察了水在反胶束中的状态。由以上实验结果得到了有关Triton X-100反胶束的结构信息,初步推测了A在该体系中的大致位置。     

聚酰胺-胺的酸碱电位滴定分析

聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)是一种有着广泛用途的树形大分子,酸碱滴定分析可以表征合成的PAMAM中所含的伯胺基及叔胺基的数量,因此作为一种重要的辅助表征手段被PAMAM的合成及改性研究者所采用。文章对该方法原理进行了详细的论述,说明了滴定过程中产生的酰胺键水解不影响滴定及计算结果。通过实验表明在pH<2的条件下滴定可以保证叔胺的充分质子化。     

A Dual pH/O2 Sensing Film Based on Functionalized Electrospun Nanofibers for Real-Time Monitoring of Cellular Metabolism

Real-time monitoring of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH is of great significance for understanding cellular metabolism. Herein, a dual optical pH/O₂ sensing membrane was prepared by the electrospinning method. Cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofiber membrane blended with platinum (II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (PtTFPP) was used as the DO sensing matrix, upon which electrospun nanofiber membrane of chitosan (CS) coupled with fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the pH sensing matrix. The electrospun sensing film prepared from biocompatible biomaterials presented good response to a wide range of DO concentrations and physiological pH. We used it to monitor the exracellular acidification and oxygen consumption levels of cells and bacteria. This sensing film can provide a luminescence signal change as the DO and pH change in the growth microenvironment. Due to its advantages of good biocompatibility and high stability, we believe that the dual functional film has a high value in the field of biotechnology research.     

两亲性聚氨基酸三嵌段共聚物构筑pH/溶剂可控多级纳米结构

通过开环聚合(ROP)和原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)合成了一种pH响应性三嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-b-聚赖氨酸-b-聚苯乙烯(PEG-b-PLL-b-PS),在水-有机溶剂混合溶液中进行组装,并采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和衰减全反射红外光谱法(ATR-IR)表征.该三嵌段共聚物在四氢呋喃(THF)与水的混合溶剂(V∶V=1∶1)中可组装成疏水性聚苯乙烯为核、亲水性聚赖氨酸和聚乙二醇分别为内壳和外壳的球状胶束.采用TEM和AFM发现该球状胶束在四氢呋喃(THF)水溶液中退火7 d后可进一步转变为纤维状结构.进一步除去THF后,可恢复至粒径略小的冻结球状胶束.另外,球状胶束的粒径随着pH的增加而增加,当pH为13时,聚赖氨酸的二级结构由无规卷曲构象过渡到α-螺旋构象,聚集体由球形结构过渡到空心囊泡.溶液经透析后可使囊泡恢复至球状胶束.     

氮硫共掺杂碳量子点对胃液pH值的精确检测

以水杨酸和硫脲为原料,通过水热法一步合成水溶性好、稳定性强、量子产率高(36.23%)、呈蓝光的氮硫共掺杂碳量子点(N,S-CQDs).在302 nm波长激发下,N,S-CQDs在发射波长409 nm处的荧光强度与pH值(在2.01～5.11范围内)线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9931,可原位、实时检测胃液内pH值在Δ0.01范围内的变化.可用于胃癌早期诊断和新生儿健康防护.400μg/m L N,S-CQDs孵育铜绿微囊藻细胞48 h,存活率82.8%,其可作为人体胃细胞荧光探针,经人体排泄进入水环境,对淡水浮游生物毒性低,环境友好.