EDXRF spectrometry determination of tungsten in tobacco plants after antiviral treatment with 12-tungstophosphoric acid and its compounds

In this study, we have developed a sensitive, rapid and simple procedure for the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry measurement of tungsten in tobacco plant parts. Only 0.1 g of dried plant material is needed instead of the usual 1 g. EDXRF spectrometry is used for quantitative measurement, after the foliar application of solutions of tungstophosphoric acid (WPA), its magnesium salt and compounds with glycine (Gly) and alanine (Ala), in exact quantities. After that, the leaves, trunks and summits were collected and prepared separately. Tungsten is determined directly in raw dried material, and the overlap of the tungsten peak with zinc's that is present is avoided by the spectral deconvolution to obtain quantitative results. The prepared dry tablets weighed 100 mg, and measurement time was 2000 s. The radioisotope excitation source used was ¹⁰⁹Cd and tungsten was identified and quantified at the L_α1 and L_α2 lines at the energies of 8397.6 eV and 8335.2 eV, respectively. EDXRF spectrometry was applied in a wide range of concentrations (up to 2000 mg/kg), with an estimated detection concentration limit of 15 mg/kg, calculated on dried material. Quantitative analysis of different parts of the treated plant plus the washings gave 94.47% recovery of the applied tungsten in different compound forms. After the foliar application of investigated WPA compounds, there were noticed both vertical and horizontal distributions of tungsten through out the tobacco plants, according to the EDXRF spectrometry results. This conclusion is also in agreement with the positive effects of WPA on Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) infection of Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae).     

浙江省不同演替阶段的低海拔次生林植物功能群结构的比较研究

选取浙江省低海拔地区的16个次生林样地并调查其中胸径（DBH）≥1 cm的木本植物.通过观察群落外貌,结合数量分类方法（TWINSPAN）和排序方法（DCA）,将这些样地划分为4种演替阶段的森林类型（马尾松林,马尾松针阔叶混交林,演替早期常绿阔叶林,演替中期常绿阔叶林）.分析了不同演替阶段的次生林群落物种多样性和植物功能群结构组成变化.结果显示：（1） 适度择伐进入采伐期的马尾松可加速整个群落向常绿阔叶林演替;（2） 随着演替的进行,物种丰富度、Shannon Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数均呈现增加趋势;（3） 按生活型、生长型、叶的生活期和对光的耐受性这4种功能群划分,所有样地分别以小高位芽植物和中高位芽植物、乔木和灌木或小乔木、常绿植物和耐阴植物占优;（4） 随着演替的进行,功能群结构比例呈现先降后升再降的是矮高位芽植物,先降后升的为小高位芽植物,呈现先升后降的为大高位芽植物、灌木、乔木、小乔木、常绿植物、阴性植物呈现上升趋势,落叶植物和阳性植物呈现下降趋势,而中高位芽植物、灌木或小乔木、耐阴植物则维持相对恒定的比例.     

梯级河岸人工湿地的数值模拟研究

通过梯级河岸人工湿地的数值模拟,以总磷(TP)在梯级河岸人工湿地的运移为例,通过流场、TP浓度场和TP运移归宿的分析,探讨了植物根系和填料对TP运移和去除效果的影响.研究结果表明,对TP而言,有植物湿地的去除率均大于相应无植物湿地的去除率;含豆石层(降解系数和渗透系数相对较大)湿地的去除率均略大于相应无豆石层湿地的去除率.     

濒危植物夏蜡梅光合生理生态特性

摘要：采用遮荫的方式设置3个光照梯度：全光照（CK）、37%全光照（37%RI）和10%全光照（10%RI）,于2007年7月中旬,对上述光环境中的夏蜡梅(Sinocalycanthus chinensis)幼苗的光合作用参数、叶绿素荧光参数进行测定,结果表明：3种光环境下,夏蜡梅的净光合速率日变化均为“双峰”曲线,CK和37%RI光环境下,午休现象明显;最大净光合速率的大小是37%RI＞CK＞10%RI;日均净光合速率的大小是37%RI＞10%RI＞CK.叶绿素荧光参数的日变化表明,10%RI光环境下光抑制现象不明显;37%RI光环境下在午间发生了明显的光抑制,但是光合机构可以恢复.全光照环境下发生了长期的光抑制,光合机构受到不可恢复的伤害.在夏蜡梅自然群落中,于2006年7月、10月和2007年4月下旬的晴朗天气,测定了群落冠层和林下2种光环境下夏蜡梅的净光合速率日进程,并与其主要伴生植物进行比较.7月夏蜡梅冠层的净光合速率日进程呈“双峰”曲线,有明显的“午休”现象;林下夏蜡梅则表现为“单峰”曲线;在4月和10月夏蜡梅及其伴生植物净光合速率日进程均呈“单峰”曲线.夏蜡梅3个季节的日均净光合速率的平均值比其它伴生植物低,在群落内种间竞争中将处于不利地位.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定豆芽与番茄中6种植物生长调节剂

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时测定豆芽和番茄中4-氯苯氧乙酸、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸丁酯、吲哚丁酸6种植物生长调节剂残留量的分析方法。试样经酸性乙腈提取,盐析、离心、浓缩、复溶,经三氟化硼甲醇溶液甲酯化,再加入2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸丁酯的溶解液,经过液液萃取后,通过气相色谱-串联质谱仪进行检测,外标法定量。方法的定量下限(S/N10)均为15μg/kg;在豆芽、番茄中分别添加15,30,60μg/kg 3个浓度水平的植物生长调节剂,其回收率为70.0%~127%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为4.1%~11.4%。该方法的定量下限满足目前国内外有关法规对豆芽和番茄中植物生长调节剂的最大残留限量要求,可为进出口豆芽和番茄中植物生长调节剂残留的监管提供技术支持。     

硅胶柱与凝胶柱净化/气相色谱-质谱联用测定植物叶片中多环芳烃

建立了索氏提取-硅胶柱和凝胶柱净化/气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定植物叶片中多环芳烃的分析方法。叶片中的多环芳烃经二氯甲烷-正己烷(体积比1∶1)索氏提取,提取液采用硅胶柱和凝胶柱两步净化(手填硅胶柱和GPC柱)后,进行GC-MS测定,根据保留时间和特征离子进行定性,内标法定量。方法检出限为0.025 1~5.80 ng/g,加标回收率为82.2%~130%,相对标准偏差不大于11%。该方法能有效去除植物叶片中的色素与油脂,适用于植物叶片中多组分多环芳烃的痕量分析,为测定植物组织内多环芳烃的含量提供了技术支撑。     

PM2.5 in China: Measurements,sources, visibility and health effects,and mitigation

Concern over the health effects of fine particles in the ambient environment led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop the first standard for PM_2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm) in 1997. The Particle Technology Laboratory at the University of Minnesota has helped to establish the PM_2.5 standard by developing many instruments and samplers to perform atmospheric measurements. In this paper, we review various aspects of PM_2.5, including its measurement, source apportionment, visibility and health effects, and mitigation. We focus on PM_2.5 studies in China and where appropriate, compare them with those obtained in the U.S. Based on accurate PM_2.5 sampling, chemical analysis, and source apportionment models, the major PM_2.5 sources in China have been identified to be coal combustion, motor vehicle emissions, and industrial sources. Atmospheric visibility has been found to correlate well with PM_2.5 concentration. Sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate carried by PM_2.5, commonly found in coal burning and vehicle emissions, are the dominant contributors to regional haze in China. Short-term exposure to PM_2.5 is strongly associated with the increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in China. The strategy for PM_2.5 mitigation must be based on reducing the pollutants from the two primary sources of coal-fired power plants and vehicle emissions. Although conventional Particulate Emission Control Devices (PECD) such as electrostatic precipitators in Chinese coal-fired power plants are generally effective for large particles, most of them may not have high collection efficiency of PM_2.5. Baghouse filtration is gradually incorporated into the PECD to increase the PM_2.5 collection efficiency. By adopting stringent vehicle emissions standard such as Euro 5 and 6, the emissions from vehicles can be gradually reduced over the years. An integrative approach, from collaboration among academia, government, and industries, can effectively manage and mitigate the PM_2.5 pollution in China.     

Resveratrol still has something to say about aging!

A votre Santé! The mechanism by which resveratrol, a hydroxystilbenoid polyphenol found in grapes and present in wine, exerts antiaging metabolic benefits has been uncovered. Chung and co-workers have found that it works by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterases, thus triggering a signaling cascade that leads to the possible activation of the mammalian enzyme sirtuin?1.     

两级中冷回热再热布雷顿热电联产装置的性能

应用有限时间热力学理论和方法建立了恒温热源不可逆两级中冷回热再热布雷顿热电联产装置模型,基于分析的观点,导出了装置无量纲输出率和效率的解析式。在给定总压比的情形下,通过数值计算分别研究了输出率和效率与两个中冷压比和两个再热压比的关系,当总压比变化时,发现输出率和效率对总压比存在最大值,并分别求出了两个相应的最佳的中冷压比和再热压比。分析了回热度、中冷度、再热度、压气机和涡轮机效率、压降损失等特征参数对装置性能的影响。最后发现分别存在最佳的用户侧温度使输出率和效率取得双重最大值。     

Simultaneous Gas Chromatographic Determination of Nitrobenzene and 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Nitrobenzene Manufacturing Plant Wastewater

Abstract

A simple and rapid gas chromatographic procedure is described for the identification and quantification of pollutants in the nitrobenzene manufacturing plant wastewater. The samples were extracted with methylene chloride and subsequently nitrobenzene and 2,4-dinitrophenol were analysed by GC using FID. The method was found to be precise and accurate and applicable for monitoring the effluent treatment system at ppm levels.