固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定烟草样品中主要的植物多酚

 建立了先用体积分数为 80 %的甲醇水溶液回流提取烟草样品中的植物多酚 ,再采用Sep Pak C18固相微萃取小柱预分离脱脂的前处理方法 ,并选择了合适的分析烟草样品中植物多酚的高效液相色谱条件。采用C18柱 ,甲醇 磷酸二氢钾缓冲液为流动相进行梯度洗脱 ,烟草中主要的植物多酚均达到基线分离。提取各组分在其最大波长下的色谱图 ,根据其峰面积定量 ,并用紫外光谱图对烟草中主要的植物多酚进行辅助定性。在该方法中 ,多酚的标准回收率为 94%～ 10 5 %,RSD为 1 2 8%～ 1 49%。该方法可用于烟草样品中的植物多酚的测定。     

稀土在烤烟植株中的分布及其对烟叶化学成份影响的研究

作为一种生理活性物质,稀土施用在烟草上平均增产11％,上中等烟比例提高7．53％左右,稀土应用于烤烟大部分限于田间试验,缺深入的机理研究^[2-4]。本试验用低浓度混合硝酸稀土喷施烤烟叶面,研究了稀土在烤烟植株中的含量,分布及土壤中可溶态稀土的变化情况及稀土对烟叶化学成份的影响,旨在为烤烟施用稀土提供科学依据。     

清江水布垭水电站地下厂房岩体质量评价及反馈设计研究

考虑地下水 ,地应力及结构面产状和岩溶、剪切带发育的特点修正 ,确定了水布垭水电站地下工程洞室工程岩体质量 ,进行了地下工程的 RMR分类研究 ,讨论了与水布垭地下工程反馈设计及信息法施工的有关问题。     

高效液相色谱法分析中药及植物药的进展

近来中药及植物药在全世界范围内受到人们的普遍重视,建立了许多分离测定中药及植物药中活性组分的分析方法。综述了高效液相色谱法（HPM）分析中药及植物药方面的进展,此外还就中药HPLC分析中色谱技术方面的进展进行了讨论。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱测定植物叶片中的挥发性物质

采用固相微萃取（SPME)方法吸附植物叶片中的挥发性物质,然后采用气相色谱/质谱法（GC/MS）分析了挥发性物 质的成分。在45 ℃水浴温度下,采用Polyacrylate(85 μm)固相微萃取头,在广口瓶中植物叶片的上方顶空吸附60 min,然后进行GC/MS分析。结果表明,植物叶片中的挥发性物质得到了很好的分离,受山楂叶螨(Tetraychus vienneis) 危害严重的植物的完好叶片中的挥发性物质均含有顺-3-己烯-1-醇乙酸酯、顺-3-己烯-1-醇丁酸酯和α-法呢烯,且含量 较大。初步确定这些物质是对山楂叶螨具有引诱作用的主要物质,从而为利用天然生物活性物质防治山楂叶螨提供了理论 依据。     

Physicochemical,Antioxidant, Microstructural Properties and Bioaccessibility of Dark Chocolate with Plant Extracts

In this study, dark chocolates (DCh) containing zinc lactate (ZnL) were enriched with extracts from elderberries (EFrE), elderflowers (EFlE), and chokeberries (ChFrE) to improve their functional properties. Both dried plant extracts and chocolates were analyzed for antioxidant capacity (AC) using four different analytical methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), while total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) assay. An increase in antioxidant properties of fortified chocolates was found, and the bioaccessibility of their antioxidants was evaluated. The highest AC and TPC were found in ChFrE and chocolate with chokeberries (DCh + ChFrE) before and after simulated in vitro digestion. Bioaccessibility studies indicated that during the simulated digestion the AC of all chocolates reduced significantly, whereas insignificant differences in TPC results were observed between chemical and physiological extracts. Moreover, the influence of plant extracts on physicochemical parameters such as moisture content (MC), fat content (FC), and viscosity of chocolates was estimated. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy with dispersive energy spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to analyze surface properties and differences in the chemical composition of chocolates without and with additives.     

植物细胞力学模型研究进展

植物细胞在结构上具有特殊性, 即细胞壁和胞内物质在力学性质上差异很大. 因此其力学模型的研究具有特殊意义. 植物细胞力学模型是植物组织力学行为的研究基础, 是连接宏观与微观生物力学发展的桥梁, 在农业和食品加工等领域中有重要的潜在应用价值. 本文就目前国际上在细胞力学模型研究中所采用的模型形式和理论分析与数值模拟等方法做较全面而简要的介绍, 并对本领域中存在的现实问题加以论述, 希望能够对我国在细胞力学领域的研究有所帮助.      

攀援植物的行为及其生态适应方式和原则

攀援植物的攀援方式、化学性防御等行为遵循进化稳定性的原则;攀援植物在异质生境,如不同的光环境及不同的支撑条件下的觅食行为,遵循形态可塑性的原则.攀援植物行为的生态适应意义主要体现在保证了其个体的生存和种群的延续.     

Essential Oils in Respiratory Mycosis: A Review

Respiratory mycosis is a major health concern, due to the expanding population of immunosuppressed and immunocompromised patients and the increasing resistance to conventional antifungals and their undesired side-effects, thus justifying the development of new therapeutic strategies. Plant metabolites, namely essential oils, represent promising preventive/therapeutic strategies due to their widely reported antifungal potential. However, regarding fungal infections of the respiratory tract, information is disperse and no updated compilation on current knowledge is available. Therefore, the present review aims to gather and systematize relevant information on the antifungal effects of several essential oils and volatile compounds against the main type of respiratory mycosis that impact health care systems. Particular attention is paid to Aspergillus fumigatus, the main pathogen involved in aspergillosis, Candida auris, currently emerging as a major pathogen in certain parts of the world, and Cryptococcus neoformans, one of the main pathogens involved in pulmonary cryptococcosis. Furthermore, the main mechanisms of action underlying essential oils’ antifungal effects and current limitations in clinical translation are presented. Overall, essential oils rich in phenolic compounds seem to be very effective but clinical translation requires more comprehensive in vivo studies and human trials to assess the efficacy and tolerability of these compounds in respiratory mycosis.     

植物样品中痕量氟的离子色谱法分析

建屯了碱熔法/离子色潜法测定植物样品中痕量氟的分析方法.样品于镍坩锅中500 ℃碱熔融后,经溶解、过滤,进样分析.氟离子经Metrosep A Supp 5阴离子交换柱分离,化学抑制电导检测.氟离子的线性范围为0.005～50 mg/L,相对标准偏差为5.3%,氟的检出限为0.01 mg/kg.该法适合于批量植物样品中痕量氟的测定.