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111.
Electronic speckle interferometry (ESPI) is used to determine the Young's modulus E and Poisson ratio ν of an isotropic material. Micron scale deformations of the surface of the block of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) are induced by normal application of a known near-point force. These deformations are recorded in speckle interferometric fringe patterns. An iterative minimum error inversion technique is developed to obtain the elastic properties from the positions of fringe peaks and troughs observed in the fringe patterns. Sensitivity tests of the method on calculated fringe patterns using measured experimental uncertainties suggest the technique will provide measures of the elastic moduli to better than 5%. In an experimental test on a bloc of PMMA (acrylic) the technique gave values of E and ν that differed from corresponding measures obtained using more conventional strain-gauge methods by less than 4%. 相似文献
112.
Ansgar Jüngel 《Mathematische Nachrichten》1997,185(1):85-110
A multi-dimensional transient drift-diffusion model for (at most) three charged particles, consisting of the continuity equations for the concentrations of the species and the Poisson equation for the electric potential, is considered. The diffusion terms depend on the concentrations. Such a system arises in electrophoretic modeling of three species (neutrally, positively and negatively charged) and in semiconductor theory for two species (positively charged holes and negatively charged electrons). Diffusion terms of degenerate type are also possible in semiconductor modeling. For the initial boundary value problem with mixed Dirichlet - Neumann boundary conditions and general reaction rates, a global existence result is proved. Uniqueness of solutions follows in the Dirichlet boundary case if the diffusion terms are uniformly parabolic or if the initial and boundary densities are strictly positive. Finally, we prove that solutions exist which are positive uniformly in time and globally bounded if the reaction rates satisfy appropriate growth conditions. 相似文献
113.
Microstructures of nickel surfaces electrodeposited on indium tin oxides coated glasses are investigated using atomic force microscopy. The fractal dimension D and Hurst exponent H of the nickel surface images are determined from a frequency analysis method proposed by Aguilar et al. [J. Microsc. 172 (1993) 233] and from Hurst rescaled range analysis. The two methods are found to give the same value of the fractal dimension D∼2.0. The roughness exponent α and growth exponent β that characterize scaling behaviors of the surface growth in electrodeposition are calculated using the height-difference correlation function and interface width in Fourier space. The exponents of α∼1.0 and β∼0.8 show that the surface growth does not belong to the universality classes theoretically predicted by statistical growth models. 相似文献
114.
含铒碲酸盐玻璃的上转换荧光性质研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在室温下,用804nm波长的半导体激光器作激发源,在TeO_2-PbO基掺铒碲酸盐玻璃中实现了中心波长分别为525nm,550nm和660nm的上转换发射.荧光强度与激发功率呈非线性关系.估测了PbO含量对上转换荧光相对强度的影响. 相似文献
115.
Enrique J. Baran 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1991,122(6-7):479-481
Summary Mean amplitudes of vibration for OTeF
5
–
have been calculated from known spectroscopic and structural data in a wide temperature range. The results are briefly discussed in comparison with those of related species. 相似文献
116.
The blends composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 66 (PA66) were obtained using two different preparation methods, one of which was the melt‐mixing through a twin‐screw extruder and the subsequent injection molding; and the other, the in situ blending through anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam in the presence of PA66. For the former, there existed a remarkable improvement in toughness but a drastic drop in strength and modulus; however, for the latter, a reverse but less significant trend of mechanical properties change appeared. Various characterizations were conducted, including the analyses of crystalline morphology, crystallographic form, and crystallization and melting behaviors using polarized optical microscopy (POM), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively; observation of morphology of fractured surface with scanning electron microscope (SEM); measurement of glass transition through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA); and the intermolecular interaction as well as the interchange reaction between the two components by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT‐IR) and 13C solution NMR. The presence and absence of interchange reaction was verified for the in situ and melt‐mixed blends, respectively. It is believed that the transreaction resulted in a drop in glass transition temperature (Tg) for the in situ blends, contrary to an increase of Tg with increasing PA66 content for the melt‐mixed ones. And the two kinds of fabrication methods led to significant differences in the crystallographic form, spherulite size and crystalline content and perfection as well. Accordingly, it is attempted to explain the reasons for the opposite trends of changes in the mechanical properties for these two blends. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1176–1186, 2007 相似文献
117.
Zhitian Liu Lei Wang Junwu Chen Feng Wang Xiaoying Ouyang Yong Cao 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(5):756-767
2,5‐Bis(2‐bromofluorene‐7‐yl)silole was prepared by a modified one‐pot synthesis with a reverse addition procedure, from which novel silole‐containing polyfluorenes with binary random and alternating structures (silole contents between 4.5 and 25% and high Mw up to 509 kDa were successfully synthesized. The well‐defined repeating unit of the alternating copolymer comprises a terfluorene and a silole ring. Optoelectronic properties including UV absorption, electrochemistry, photoluminescence (PL), and electroluminescence (EL) of the copolymers were examined. The different excitation energy transfers from fluorene to silole of the copolymers in solution and in the solid state were compared. The films of the copolymers showed silole‐dominant green emissions with high absolute PL quantum yields up to 83%. EL devices of the copolymers with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT/copolymer/Ba/Al displayed exclusive silole emissions peaked at around 543 nm and the highest EL efficiency was achieved with the alternating copolymer. Using the alternating copolymer and poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) as the blend‐type emissive layer, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.99% (four times to that of the neat film) was realized, which was a high efficiency so far reported for silole‐containing polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 756–767, 2007 相似文献
118.
D. Boilley A. Marchix B. Jurado K. -H. Schmidt 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2007,33(1):47-52
We propose a new formula for the saddle-to-scission time that is more general that the one based on Kramers' approach. Its
validity and applicability is then studied in detail. Such a formula is useful for the evaluation of the fission time of very
heavy nuclei. 相似文献
119.
Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering has been performed from poly(ethylene oxide) in deuterated water at temperature ranging from 10 to 80 °C. A simple fitting model was used to obtain a correlation length and a Porod exponent. The correlation length L characterizes the average distance between entanglements in the semidilute region and is proportional to the individual coil sizes in the dilute region. L was found to increase with temperature in the semidilute region but it decreases with temperature in the dilute region. This decrease is the precursor to the single‐chain collapse which applies to very dilute polymer solutions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2196–2200, 2007 相似文献
120.
T. Grenet J. Delahaye M. Sabra F. Gay 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2007,56(3):183-197
We present a study of non-equilibrium phenomena observed
in the electrical conductance of insulating granular aluminium thin films.
An anomalous field effect and its slow relaxation are studied in some
detail. The phenomenology is very similar to the one already observed in
indium oxide. The origin of the phenomena is discussed. In granular systems,
the present experiments can naturally be interpreted along two different
lines. One relies on a slow polarisation in the dielectric surrounding the
metallic islands. The other one relies on a purely electronic mechanism: the
formation of an electron Coulomb glass in the granular metal. More selective
experiments and/or quantitative predictions about the Coulomb glass
properties are still needed to definitely distinguish between the two
scenarios. 相似文献