Aromatic compounds produced by endophytic fungi isolated from red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis - Falkenbergia stage

Endophytic fungi were isolated from red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis - Falkenbergia stage, collected from the Brazilian coast, and were identified as Annulohypoxylon stygium (AT-03) and A. yungensis (AT-06) based on their macro/micromorphological and molecular features. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOAc extract from laboratory cultures of both strains yielded known compounds pyrogallol from A. stygium, (3R)-scytalone and (3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-scytalone from A. yungensis. Pyrogallol was active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli strains. An inactive fraction from A. stygium afforded two additional compounds, (3R,4R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-1-tetralone and tyrosol. Optically active compounds had their stereochemistry determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.     

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from a marine-derived fungal strain aspergillus sp. SF-5929

Abstract

In the course of our continuing investigation of bioactive secondary metabolites from marine-derived fungal strains, a racemate of a novel diphenolic derivative named (±)-tylopilusin D (1) along with ten previously known secondary metabolites (2–11) were isolated from a marine-derived fungal strain Aspergillus sp. SF-5929. Their structures were elucidated mainly by analysis of NMR and MS data. In addition, the inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity were evaluated, and compounds 1, 2, and 5–7 inhibited PTP1B activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.3 to 8.1?µM. Kinetics studies suggested that compounds 1, 2, and 5 had noncompetitive inhibitory effects against PTP1B.     

Two new polyols from cultures of the fungus Daedaleopsis tricolor

Two new polyols, (2E,4E)-octa-2,4-diene-1,6,7-triol (1) and (E)-7,8-dihydroxyoct-5-en-2-one (2) were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Daedaleopsis tricolor. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2D NMR techniques. Two compounds showed no significant activity against five human cancer cell lines.     

Anti-inflammatory polyketides from the mangrove-derived fungus Ascomycota sp. SK2YWS-L

A pair of novel 2,3-diaryl indone derivatives (+)- and (?)-ascomindone D [(+)-1 and (?)-1, respectively], as well as two new prenylated polyketides ascomfurans C (2) and ascomarugosin A (3) were obtained from the culture of a mangrove endophytic fungus Ascomycota sp. SK2YWS-L together with three known compounds (4–6). The enantiomers (+)-1 and (?)-1 were purified through chiral HPLC separation, which represented the first example of resolving 2,3-diaryl indone atropisomers in natural products. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of interpretation of spectroscopic data including X-ray diffractions and the absolute configurations of (+)-1 and (?)-1 were elucidated by ECD calculations. The biosynthesis pathway was proposed. In the anti-inflammatory assay, (+)-1 and (?)-1 exhibited potential anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting against the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 246.7 mouse macrophages with the IC₅₀ values of 17.0 and 17.1 μM, respectively.     

海洋来源真菌Penicillim grisefulvum中桔霉素类化合物的分离及抗菌活性

以海洋来源青霉真菌Penicillim grisefulvum为研究对象,采用硅胶、C18柱和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析等手段,从中分离获得3个桔霉素类化合物:7-methyl-penicitrinone A(1),citrinin(2)和penicitrinone A(3),其中化合物1为新化合物.通过一维核磁共振谱(1D NMR)、二维核磁共振谱(2D NMR)和高分辨质谱(HR-ESI-MS)对化合物1的平面结构和相对构型进行确定,并运用电子圆二色光谱(ECD)和量子化学计算方法确定了其绝对构型.抗菌活性测试结果表明,化合物1对副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahemolyticus)表现出了较强的抑制活性(MIC=0.8μmol/L),高于阳性对照药物环丙沙星的活性(MIC=1.3μmol/L).     

Chemical constituents of the mangrove-associated fungus Capnodium sp. SZ-F22. A new eremophilane sesquiterpene

A new eremophilane sesquiterpene, capnodiumone (1), along with five known eremophilane sesquiterpenes (2–6) and eight other compounds (7–14), have been isolated from a mangrove-associated fungus Capnodium sp. SZ-F22. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The broth extract of the fungus exhibited a good inhibitory effect on the mycelium growth against Fusarium graminearum at 100 μg/mL, however, all the 14 compounds showed no expected antifungal activity. The probable reasons were discussed.     

A new bioactive diterpenoid from pestalotiopsis adusta,an endophytic fungus from clerodendrum canescens

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the culture extract of Pestalotiopsis adusta, an endophytic fungus isolated from the medicinal plant Clerodendrum canescens, led to the isolation of one new, (10S)-12,16-epoxy-17(15→16)-abeo-3,5,8,12,15-abietapentaen-2,7,11,14-tetraone (1), and four known diterpenoids, teuvincenone F (2), uncinatone (3), coleon U (4), coleon U-12-methyl ether (5). These structures were identified by using spectroscopic methods, including UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. This is the first report of these compounds being isolated from a Pestalotiopsis species. The cytotoxic activities of the compounds were evaluated, and compounds 1 and 3 demonstrated cytotoxic activities against the HL-60 tumour cell line (IC₅₀ ＜ 20 μM).     

黑翅土白蚁和黄翅大白蚁主巢土壤的物理和化学特性研究

黑翅土白蚁(Odontotermes formosanus)和黄翅大白蚁(Macrotermes barneyi)的主巢的理化特性相似。构成主巢泥土的粒径主要以小于0.05毫米为主,主巢的温度较周围土壤高,巢内的pH值小于4,有机质、氮、磷、钾含量高。但是两种白蚁主巢结构也有差别: (1)泥骨架的形态不同,黑翅土白蚁的泥骨架呈空腔状,黄翅大白蚁的泥骨架似假山状; (2)主蚁路表面泥糙程度不同,黄翅大白蚁略比黑翅土白蚁粗糙。 两种土栖白蚁及主巢在土壤形成过程中有一定意义:(1)B层土壤是白蚁筑巢的良好材料,白蚁将B层土壤搬入A层土壤筑巢;(2)白蚁与巢内菌圃形成土壤的肥力,有机质、有机碳、氮、磷、钾均高于周围土壤;(3)在铜矿区的土栖白蚁,体内含较高浓度的铜元素,有指示铜矿的作用。     

Chlovalicin B,a Chlorinated Sesquiterpene Isolated from the Marine Mushroom Digitatispora marina

As part of our search for bioactive metabolites from understudied marine microorganisms, the new chlorinated metabolite chlovalicin B (1) was isolated from liquid cultures of the marine basidiomycete Digitatispora marina, which was collected and isolated from driftwood found at Vannøya, Norway. The structure of the novel compound was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and analysis of HRMS data, revealing that 1 shares its molecular scaffold with a previously isolated compound, chlovalicin. This represents the first compound isolated from the Digitatispora genus, and the first reported fumagillin/ovalicin-like compound isolated from Basidiomycota. Compound 1 was evaluated for antibacterial activities against a panel of five bacteria, its ability to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, for antifungal activity against Candida albicans, and for cytotoxic activities against malignant and non-malignant human cell lines. Compound 1 displayed weak cytotoxic activity against the human melanoma cell line A2058 (~50% survival at 50 µM). No activity was detected against biofilm formation or C. albicans at 50 µM, or against bacterial growth at 100 µM nor against the production of cytokines by the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 at 50 µM.