Here, agar hydrogel was selected as diffusion medium and template to control the biomimetic mineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO
3). Due to three dimensional network structures and abundant functional groups (such as, hydroxyl groups), Ca
2+ ions were uniformly distributed in the network and electrostatically attracted. The diffusion speed and range of CO
32? ions were mediated by the concentration of hydrogel medium. Under the synergistic effect of Mg
2+ ions, the crystal CaCO
3 was induced by gas phase diffusion method in the hydrogel system. The results showed that the concentrations of Mg
2+ ions and agar hydrogel had no obvious effect on the calcite phase of CaCO
3, but the morphologies and sizes changed with concentrations of medium and Mg
2+ ions. Attribute to template effect, the crystallization behavior and growth rate of CaCO
3 crystals were regulated. Since Mg
2+ ions were easily adsorbed on the surfaces of unit cell, the unique structure of CaCO
3 was precisely controlled. This study provides a useful reference and inspiration for the understandings of the contributions of ion supply rate in bio-mineralization and hydrogel medium in biomimetic mineralization.
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