基于变刚度结构的光纤布拉格光栅低温环境下的温度増敏方法研究

光纤布拉格光栅采用非电磁信号测试方式,具有显著的抗电磁干扰以及可嵌入被测结构内部等特性,已成为近些年广受关注的光学应变、温度传感与测试新技术。但在极端条件下(如超低温环境),光纤由于受到其自身材料特性的局限,传感特性不明显甚至限制了其应用。基于结构变刚度的力学増敏方法,本文提出了一种适用于低温区的光纤布拉格光栅温度传感増敏的结构设计方法。研究结果表明：该传感结构可有效感应低温下的温度变化,増敏效果明显;并获得増敏效果随结构材料与几何特性的依赖关系,经过优化可使得光栅区对温度和应变的敏感性大大提高,甚至提高1个数量级。最后,完成了这一増敏结构的设计和制备,实验验证了所提方法的有效性和可靠性。     

Enhanced energy storage and pyroelectric properties of highly (100)-oriented (Pb1−x−yLaxCay)Ti1−x/4O3 thin films derived at low temperature

Highly (100)-oriented (Pb_1?x?yLa_xCa_y)Ti_1?x/4O₃ ($x=0.15$, $y=0.05$; $x=0.1$, $y=0.1$; $x=0.05$, $y=0.15$) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates at a low temperature of 450?°C via a sol–gel route. It was found that all the (Pb_1?x?yLa_xCa_y)Ti_1?x/4O₃ thin films could be completely crystallized and the content of La/Ca showed a significant effect on the electrical properties of films. Among the three films, the (Pb_1?x?yLa_xCa_y)Ti_1?x/4O₃ ($x=0.1$, $y=0.1$) thin film exhibited the enhanced overall electrical properties, such as a low dielectric loss ($\tan ?\delta <0.08$) and leakage current ($J～4.6\times {10}^{?5}$ A/cm²), a high recoverable energy density (W_re ～ 15 J/cm³), as well as a large pyroelectric coefficient (p ～ 190 μC/m²K) and figure of merit ($F_{\mathrm{d}}^{\prime }～77\mathrm{\mu }\text{C}/{\text{m}}^2$K). The findings suggest that the fabricated thin films with a good (100) orientation can be an attractive candidate for applications in Si-based energy storage and pyroelectric devices.     

Low Temperature Heat Capacities and Thermodynamic Properties of Zinc L-Threonate Zn(C_4H_7O_5)_2(s) by Adiabatic Calorimetry

Low-temperature heat capacities of the solid compound Zn(C4H7O5)2(s) were measured in a temperature range from 78 to 374 K, with an automated adiabatic calorimeter. A solid-to-solid phase transition occurred in the temperature range of 295?322 K. The peak temperature, the enthalpy, and entropy of the phase transition were determined to be (316.269±1.039) K, (11.194±0.335) kJ?mol-1, and (35.391±0.654) J?K-1?mol-1, respectively. The experimental values of the molar heat capacities in the temperature regions o...     

Magnetic irreversibility of the Fe antidot arrays film by depositing on the porous alumina templates

An Fe layer was sputter-deposited onto porous alumina templates and Kapton respectively. Fe layer on the porous alumina templates formed an antidot arrays nanostructure, while Fe layer on the Kapton substrate formed a continuous film. Scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction were employed to characterize the morphology and crystal structure of the Fe antidot arrays and continuous film, respectively. The temperature dependence of magnetic properties was shown in the temperature range 2-300 K. The irreversibility of the magnetization of Fe antidot arrays film, as measured in zero-field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) states, was attributed to the pinning effect of the holes.     

低温恒能量同步荧光法同时快速检测食品中多种多环芳烃

恒能量同步荧光法应用于多环芳烃的检测可以提高选择性,低温可使谱带呈指纹特征,提供常温光谱无法获得的光谱细节信息,有助于实现对复杂基体中多环芳烃的检测。文章结合恒能量同步荧光扫描技术与斯波斯基低温技术,建立了食品中多种多环芳烃的低温恒能量同步荧光同时快速分析方法。对低油脂样品直接用正辛烷浸泡,高油脂样品也只需要增加皂化萃取,即可进行光谱扫描来检测食品样中的多种多环芳烃。对两种类型的实际样进行加标回收实验,回收率为80.2%～98.9%,定量工作曲线线性较好(r≥0.993 8)。该方法选择性好、操作简便快捷、费用低廉。     

乙二胺盐酸盐的低温热容和热化学性质

合成了乙二胺盐酸盐, 并表征了其晶体结构. 测定了其在78~370 K温度区间的低温热容, 通过最小二乘法拟合得到热容对温度的多项式方程. 设计了合理的热化学循环, 测定了所设计反应的反应物和产物的溶解焓, 得到反应焓. 利用Hess定律计算出乙二胺盐酸盐的标准摩尔生成焓为-(540.74±1.33) kJ/mol. 利用紫外-可见光谱和折光指数的结果检验了所设计热化学循环的可靠性.     

Radiation resistance of GaAs–AlGaAs heterostructures doped with isovalent and rare-earth elements

When GaAs–Si and GaAs–AlGaAs heterostructures are exposed to γ-quanta, radiation stimulated ordering is observed. However, the gettering efficiency in such systems falls for layer widths more than 1 μm. For this reason we seek effective methods of radiation resistance improvement of materials in which one would expect point radiation defects to be gettered not only at defect boundaries, but also in the active layer volume.

S.i.GaAs–s.i.Al_xGa_1−xAs–nGaAs : Te heterostructures are presented with epitaxial layers (doped with Yb or undoped), obtained by means of LPE (liquid-phase epitaxy). The electron concentration in nGaAs was found to be (1–3)×10¹⁸ cm⁻³ for widths 1–3 μm. The samples were exposed to ⁶⁰Co γ-quanta with doses of 10⁵–10⁷ rad.

Investigations of irradiated samples by means of low-temperature (4.2 K) photoluminescence have shown considerable decrease of exciton halfwidth in the boundary spectra of nGaAs : Te : Yb epitaxial layers in comparison with nGaAs : Te layer spectra. This is caused by background impurity gettering which happens on the s.i.Al_xGa_1−xAs–nGaAs heteroboundaries as well as in deformed regions in the epitaxial layer volume. Formation of such regions is caused by the difference between the covalent radii of Yb atoms and GaAs lattice atoms. The maximum effect of radiation stimulated gettering of dopants in nGaAs epitaxial layers is observed for Yb concentrations which are equal to 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁵ atomic fractions in a solution-melt.

It is determined that the deformed regions in epitaxial layer volumes and heteroboundaries could be efficient drains for point radiation defects which form under radiation exposure. The investigations carried out showed that the doping of an epitaxial layers by rare-earth impurities provides considerable improvement in forming radiation resistant III–V materials.     

Numerical Simulation of Diesel Spray Evaporation in a “Stabilized Cool Flame” Reactor: A Comparative Study

The major objective of this work is to numerically investigate the interacting physical and chemical phenomena that characterize the flow in a stabilized cool flame diesel fuel spray evaporation system. A two-phase RANS computational fluid dynamics code has been developed and used to predict the characteristics of the developing turbulent, multiphase, multi-component, reactive flow-field. The code employs a Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, taking into account the mass, momentum, thermal and turbulent energy exchange between the phases. A variety of physical phenomena, such as turbulent dispersion, droplet evaporation, droplet-wall collision, conjugate heat transfer, drift correction, two-way coupling are taken into account by implementing respective sub-models. Two alternative modelling approaches for the simulation of cool flame reactions have been validated and evaluated by comparing numerical predictions with experimental data from two atmospheric pressure, evaporating Diesel spray, Stabilized Cool Flame reactors. Both models have achieved good quantitative agreement in the majority of the considered test cases. The results have been used to estimate the local physical and chemical characteristic time scales of the occurring phenomena, thus allowing, for the first time, the classification of stabilized cool flames.     

同步扫描－固体基质室温磷光法同时测定痕量对位三联苯和间位三联苯的研究

本文提出了一种新的测定间三联苯和对三联苯的同步扫描－ＳＳ－ＲＴＰ法。固体基质选用慢速定量滤纸，重原子盐为Ｔｌ２ＳＯ４。以激发单色器和发射单色器的波长差△λ＝１８０ｎｍ进行同步扫描，其同步特征峰间三联苯为４５０ｎｍ，对三联苯为４９０ｎｍ（均指发射波长）。间三联苯可直接由该特征峰的高度进行定量测定。对三联苯在４９０ｎｍ处的特征峰略受间三联苯同步拖尾的影响，其峰值信号需加校正。间三联苯和对三联苯的线性范围分别为０．４６～９２ｎｇ／斑点和０．４６～４６ｎｇ／斑点     

面向超导钉扎磁浮的液氮液位检测方法研究现状

高温超导钉扎磁浮制式以悬浮导向一体化、自稳定、无需控制等优势得到了越来越多的关注.与其他磁浮制式不同,高温超导钉扎磁浮制式采用块状高温超导材料作为车载悬浮体,需要低温液体液氮作为悬浮单元的制冷剂,冷却方式为浴冷,因此实时监测液氮液面,保证液面平稳是未来超导钉扎磁浮车运行维护的首要需求.本文从车载高温超导YBaCuO块材所需的液氮环境及其配套的液氮容器功能和结构出发,结合我们近期的基于卡尔曼滤波(Kalman filtering,KF)滤波算法的铂电阻传感器液氮液位计研究工作,对6种低温液位检测方法的基础原理、特征及检测精度的对比分析,总结示出包括铂电阻阵列方式在内的3种适用于超导钉扎磁浮列车在线检测系统的液氮液位检测方法,用于推进我国2021年1月13日正式启用的高温超导钉扎高速磁浮工程化样车应用发展.