Au/SnO2的制备及其低温CO氧化催化性能

用沉积-沉淀法制备了不同金含量的Au/SnO2催化剂.采用XRD和UV-Vis等手段对催化剂样品进行了表征并考察了沉积溶液的pH值、金的负载量、焙烧温度和气氛等对Au/SnO2催化CO氧化活性的影响.结果表明：当沉积溶液的pH=9～10时,所制得的金属金的平均粒径最小；随着金的负载量的增大,金属金的粒径增大, Au/SnO2的催化活性降低；在所研究的条件下, Au/SnO2前驱体在空气中473 K下焙烧4 h,得到的催化剂活性最高；在氢气中373 K下处理2 h的Au/SnO2的催化活性在所有样品中是最高的.     

Methods for enhancing the capacity of electrode materials in low-temperature lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have evolved into the mainstream power source of ene rgy sto rage equipment by reason of their advantages such as high energy density,high power,long cycle life and less pollution.With the expansion of their applications in deep-sea exploration,aerospace and military equipment,special working conditions have placed higher demands on the low-temperature performance of LIBs.However,at low temperatures,the severe polarization and inferior electrochemical activity of electrode materials cause the acute capacity fading upon cycling,which greatly hindered the further development of LIBs.In this review,we summarize the recent important progress of LIBs in low-temperature operations and introduce the key methods and the related action mechanisms for enhancing the capacity of the various cathode and anode materials.It aims to promote the development of high-performance electrode materials and broaden the application range of LIBs.     

Multilevel resistive switching performance of TiO2-based flexible memory prepared by low-temperature sol-gel method with UV irradiation

The flexible Ag/TiO₂/ITO/PET resistive switching memory is prepared by low-temperature sol-gel method with UV irradiation, and the simple method that combined the advantages of sol-gel method and low temperature can be applied to fabricate high-quality film. The flexible Ag/TiO₂/ITO/PET memory device displays good resistive behavior, for instance, the narrow distributions of switching voltages, good cycle endurance, and long retention time. Meanwhile, the multilevel resistance states of the device can be realized by controlling the compliance current or reset voltages, showing the potential of applications in neural networks and high-density storge. In addition, flexibility of the Ag/TiO₂/ITO/PET is studied, which exhibit good endurance and retention properties under bending condition. The I–V curves are replotted and fitted for analyzing the conductive mechanism of the device. The fitting results show that SCLC and Ohmic mechanism are main mechanisms of high resistance state and low resistance state respectively. The electrochemical and thermochemical modes are adopted to explain resistive switching behavior. Our results indicate the Ag/TiO₂/ITO/PET memory has potential application in wearable and foldable electronics.     

Compression stress relaxation in carbon black reinforced HNBR at low temperatures

Findings of a study of stress relaxation behaviour of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) at nominal compressive strains up to 0.4 and temperatures above and below the glass transition temperature T_g are reported. Two formulations of a model HNBR with 36% acrylonitrile content and carbon black (CB) loading of 0 and 50 phr were investigated. The relaxation function of HNBR is found to be independent of strain at temperatures right above the T_g or at times longer than 10⁻³ s for the deformations employed. CB imparts higher long-term stiffness and also larger relaxation strength at times longer than 10⁻⁴ s to the HNBR, but it does not affect the relaxation behaviour of the rubber in the time span from 10⁻³ – 10⁴ s. In addition, the relationship between the strain energy function of HNBR and temperature is demonstrated to have a complex concave-downward shape which is affected by two competing contributions of entropy elasticity and the stress relaxation.     

Crystal Structure and Thermodynamic Study of Ephedrine Hydrochloride C10H16NOCI（s）

The crystal structure of ephedrine hydrochloride was determined by means of X-ray crystallography.The crystal system of the compound is monoclinic,and the space group is P21.Unit cell parameters are a=0.7308(6) nm,b=0.6124(5) nm,and c=1.2618(11) nm;α=90°,β=102°,and γ=90°;Z=2.Low-temperature heat capacities of the title compound were measured with an improved precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over a temperature range from 77 K to 396 K.A polynomial equation of the heat capacities as a function of temperature in the temperature region was fitted by the least-squares.Based on the fitted polynomial equation,the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were calculated and tabulated at the intervals of 5 K.     

南极海洋芳香烃低温降解微生物的拉曼光谱分析

激光镊子拉曼光谱技术可以实现在自然状态下对单个细胞或细胞器较长时间的观察研究.应用激光镊子拉曼光谱技术实时观察南极微生物低温降解芳香烃过程中单个南极细菌的细胞生长和胞内生物大分子的动态变化过程,收集、分析其拉曼光谱,结果发现:单细胞的拉曼光谱反映了其细胞内部的生命物质组成,南极动球菌 NJ41 和希瓦氏菌 NJ49 生...     

镥晶体的绝热量热法测试和热力学函数

文章合成了Lu(NO₃)₃(C₂H₅O₂N)_4.H₂O,用红外和元素分析对其进行了表征。用高精度全自动绝热量热仪,测定了该配合物80-382 K温区的热容, 利用实验热容数据, 根据热容与焓、熵的热力学关系, 求出了配合物85-350 K温区内每隔5 K相对于298.15K的标准热力学函数(HT - H298.15)m和(ST - S298.15)m.在80-350 K温度区间内,配合物的热容随温度升高而增大,没有相转移点和热力学吸收峰的出现,该配合物在此温度区间内是稳定存在的。     

磷钼酸作为低温碳燃料电池的碳间接电氧化介质

以磷钼酸作为低温下碳间接电氧化的介质构建新型碳燃料电池。通过线性电位扫描和计时电流法研究不同碳材料、不同反应条件、不同反应时间、不同磷钼酸浓度对碳间接电氧化性能的影响。采用循环伏安法研究碳在磷钼酸介质中的间接电氧化机理。研究结果表明,椰壳活性炭的间接电氧化活性要明显高于煤和煤质活性炭。以磷钼酸为介质时,采用光照与升温80oC避光的条件均可以提高碳间接电氧化性能,且提高程度接近。由循环伏安测试分析出磷钼酸中+6价Mo可将碳氧化,且被还原成+5价Mo,随后又在阳极上重新被电氧化回+6价Mo,通过该过程将从碳材料上获得的电子转移到阳极上,从而实现碳在低温条件下的间接电氧化过程。并且通过对光照条件的分析,证实光对磷钼酸催化碳电氧化反应有两方面的促进作用:一方面光的热效应使反应温度升高,从而提高反应速率;另一方面磷钼酸利用其特有结构吸收光能,提高磷钼酸与碳的反应速率,且后者促进作用更明显。以VO2+/VO2+为阴极构建的碳燃料电池全电池室温下功率是0.087m W?cm-2,验证了碳燃料电池在常温条件下运行的可行性。     

The use of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazone as chemical modifier for low-temperature electrothermal vaporization for separation and determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by ICP-MS

Based on thermal stability and volatility of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazone (PMBP) chelate, a novel method was described for the determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by low-temperature electrothermal vaporization (LETV) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was found that Cr(III) could be rapidly formed in a graphite furnace, and quantitatively vaporized into ICP at a relatively low temperature of 1000 °C with the use of PMBP as a chemical modifier, while Cr(VI) was retained in the graphite tube. Thus, the separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) could be realized. The main factors affecting the formation and vaporization of Cr(III)-PMBP chelate were investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit of Cr(III) for this method was 0.031 ng mL⁻¹ and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 1.0 ng mL⁻¹ Cr(III) was 5.3% (n = 9, v = 10 μL). The linear range of calibration curve spanned three orders of magnitude. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water samples with satisfactory results.     

GaAs-InP异质材料的结构特性和光学特性研究

我们在低压金属有机汽相沉积(MOCVD)设备上采用两步升温法与金属有机源流量周期调制生长界面过渡层方法制备出GaAs-InP材料,并对此进行了X-射线衍射、低温光致发光谱(PL)和Raman谱分析,结果表明,GaAs外延层的位错密度低于用两步升温法得到的GaAs材料,PL谱峰较强,GaAs的特征激子峰和杂质相关的激子峰同时被测到。Raman谱PL谱的峰移表明GaAs外延层处于(100)双轴伸张应力下,应力大小随温度变化是由于GaAs、InP之间的热膨胀系数不同。