Ligand fishing of anti‐neurodegenerative components from Lonicera japonica using magnetic nanoparticles immobilised with monoamine oxidase B

In this work, monoamine oxidase B was immobilised onto magnetic nanoparticles to prepare a new type of affinity solid‐phase extraction adsorbent, which was used to extract the possible anti‐neurodegenerative components from the Lonicera japonica flower extracts. Coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, two monoamine oxidase B ligands were fished‐out and identified as isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C, which were found to be inhibitors of the enzyme for the first time, with similar half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 29.05 ± 0.49 and 29.77 ± 1.03 μM, respectively. Furthermore, equilibrium‐dialysis dissociation assay of enzyme‐inhibitor complex showed that both compounds have reversible binding patterns to monoamine oxidase B, and kinetic analysis demonstrated that they were mixed‐type inhibitors for monoamine oxidase B, with K_i and K_is values of 9.55 and 37.24 μM for isochlorogenic acid A, 9.53 and 35.50 μM for isochlorogenic acid C, respectively. The results indicated that isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were the major active components responsible for the anti‐degenerative activity of the flowers of L. japonica, while magnetic nanoparticles immobilised monoamine oxidase B could serve as an efficient solid‐phase extraction adsorbent to specifically extract monoamine oxidase B inhibitors from complex herbal extracts.     

微波场协同提取金银花黄色素的研究

研究了应用微波技术从金银花(Lonicera japonicaThunb)中提取黄色素的新工艺,并确定了最佳工艺条件:提取剂为无水乙醇,原料用量(g)与提取剂用量(mL)比为1∶60,提取时间为50 s,微波功率为560 W,提取次数为3次。最佳工艺条件下的色素提取率为83.40%,产品pH值为6。与溶剂浸提法相比,微波法提取金银花黄色素的每次提取时间由1 h减少到50 s,提取率从52.21%增加到83.40%,效果明显优于常规的溶剂浸提法。     

蓝靛果的化学成分及其提取分离研究进展

蓝靛果（Lonicera cearulea L.）是一种天然野生的可食用浆果,具有清除自由基、抑制炎症通路相关蛋白的磷酸化、抑制癌细胞增殖等生理活性,其抗氧化、调节血脂、抗肿瘤和防辐射等保健功效可应用于调节肠道菌群结构、抗癌、抗肥胖和保护视力等多个功能食品领域,且蓝靛果抗寒能力强,易于种植,具有极高的市场开发价值。研究总结整理了蓝靛果中活性化学成分（原花青素类、花青素类、花色苷类、黄酮类、有机酸类、多糖类及其它类化合物）的化学信息,归纳整理了不同类型化学成分的提取分离技术（溶剂提取法、酶解法、微波辅助提取法等）,以期为蓝靛果深入研发及深加工产品的开发提供依据。     

Screening and mechanism study of components targeting DNA from the Chinese herb Lonicera japonica by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy

A method which involves combination of centrifugal ultrafiltration sampling with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) analysis was established for screening bioactive compounds binding to calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-DNA) from the extracts of Lonicera japonica. Four compounds were screened out and identified as rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and lonicerin, based on the comparison of retention time, UV spectra and MS data with those of standards. The DNA-binding capabilities of the latter three flavonoids were found for the first time. The binding mechanisms of rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside with ct-DNA at the molecular level were explored using acridine orange (AO) as a fluorescence probe. Groove binding is the most appropriate binding mode of these three flavonoids to DNA, according to ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence spectra, as well as melting temperature (T(m)) curves and viscosity measurements. The binding constants of rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside with DNA-AO complex were 3.81 x 10(3), 3.37 x 10(3) and 5.50 x 10(3) L/mol, respectively.     

Two 1-(6'-O-acyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)pyridinium-3-carboxylates from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica

Two new l-(6'-O-acyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)pyridinium-3-carboxylates,lonijaponinicotinosides A(1)and B(2),were isolated from an aqueous extract of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica.Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis,and confirmed by comparison with synthetic 1-β-Dglucopyranosylpyridinium-3-carboxylate.     

Rapid quantitative analysis of adulterant Lonicera species in preparations of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos

Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is often adulterated with Lonicerae Flos, which is derived from the other four Lonicera species, in both the crude drug and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations. We proposed a methodology for the quantitative analysis of adulterant Lonicerae Flos in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations. Taking macranthoidins A, B, dipsacoside B (saponins), sweroside (iridoids), and luteolin‐7‐O‐d ‐glucoside (flavonoids) as markers, a method of ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was employed to determine their amounts in Lonicerae Flos, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations. The proportion of adulterant Lonicerae Flos in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations was estimated based on the saponin contents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. All analytes separated under isocratic elution in 12 min with acceptable linearity, precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was easily distinguished from Lonicerae Flos by the total amount of saponins (0.067 and > 45.8 mg/g for Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos, respectively). Eighteen of twenty one Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparation samples were adulterated with Lonicerae Flos in proportions of 11.3–100%. The developed ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method could be used for the identification of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the four species of Lonicerae Flos and for the analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations adulterated with Lonicerae Flos.     

金银花中绿原酸的酶法提取工艺优化

采用酶法优化提取金银花中的绿原酸,考察纤维素酶酶的用量、酶解时间、酶解温度及回流提取温度对绿原酸含量的影响;用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定绿原酸含量。用纤维素酶法提取金银花可提高绿原酸得率。酶法提取最佳条件为:加入纤维素酶3.0%,在46℃下酶解4 h,再在56℃下浸提1 h;其绿原酸含量为3.57%。     

Cookies Fortified with Lonicera japonica Thunb. Extracts: Impact on Phenolic Acid Content,Antioxidant Activity and Physical Properties

Highlights

• Cookies with a 4% level of LJ extracts possessed the highest chlorogenic acid content.
• The addition of higher levels of LJ extracts significantly increased higher antioxidant activity of cookies.
• Cookies with a 1% level of LJ extracts had the highest sensory score.

AbstractsLonicera japonica Thunb. (LJ), as a Caprifoliaceae family plant, is enriched with polyphenols. Cookies supplemented with LJ extracts have the potential to exert antioxidant activity. However, studies on cookies fortified with LJ extracts are scarcely available. Therefore, the effect of LJ extract addition on cookie phenolic acid content, antioxidant activity, color, texture and the sensory score was firstly evaluated. Results suggest that different levels (1–4%) of LJ extracts significantly increased chlorogenic acid content, ranging from 21.96 to 202.65 μg/g. Cookies with a 4% level of LJ extracts possessed the highest activity of scavenging DPPH free radical activity (63.71 μg Vc/g), ABTS free radical activity (415.10 μg Vc/g), and ferric-reducing power of cookies (169.58 μg Vc/g). Further, a decrease in lightness L* and an increase in redness a* were observed in cookies with LJ extract addition. LJ extract addition lowered the hardness of cookies, and 4% level of LJ extracts increased the crispiness of cookies. Cookies with a 1% level of LJ extracts had a higher overall acceptance score (84.33) than that of other levels. Sensory acceptance played a vital role in the selection of the optimal formulation of cookies. Therefore, LJ extracts at 1% level could be an optimal supplement proportion in cookies and increased the antioxidant activity of cookies.     

Application of Blue Honeysuckle Powder Obtained by an Innovative Method of Low-Temperature Drying in Skincare Face Masks

Traditional technologies applied for obtaining plant raw materials for cosmetic production are based primarily on high-level processing, which is reflected in the qualitative composition of the resulting materials. By using low-temperature drying, it is possible to retain in the raw materials a range of valuable ingredients. In this study, blue honeysuckle powder was used as an ingredient of cosmetic face masks. The stability of the masks was evaluated. Dynamic viscosity, yield point and texture analysis of the cosmetics was performed. The color of the emulsions and the level of skin hydration after face mask application was determined. Emulsions were found to be stable. A decrease in dynamic viscosity of the emulsions as a function of increasing concentrations of the additive and under the conditions of rising rotational speed were observed. Similarly, an increase in the concentration of blue honeysuckle in the emulsions resulted in a decrease in the value of the yield point. Based on the results, it can be stated that the addition of blue honeysuckle caused a decrease in hardness of the masks, while the opposite trend was observed for adhesive force. It was found that an increase in the concentration of blue honeysuckle gave a reddish-yellow color to the samples. Corneometric assessment confirmed proper skin hydration after the application of the emulsions.     

Network Pharmacology-Based Study to Uncover Potential Pharmacological Mechanisms of Korean Thistle (Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum.) Flower against Cancer

Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum. or Korean thistle flower is a herbal plant used to treat tumors in Korean folk remedies, but its essential bioactives and pharmacological mechanisms against cancer have remained unexplored. This study identified the main compounds(s) and mechanism(s) of the C. maackii flower against cancer via network pharmacology. The bioactives from the C. maackii flower were revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS), and SwissADME evaluated their physicochemical properties. Next, target(s) associated with the obtained bioactives or cancer-related targets were retrieved by public databases, and the Venn diagram selected the overlapping targets. The networks between overlapping targets and bioactives were visualized, constructed, and analyzed by RPackage. Finally, we implemented a molecular docking test (MDT) to explore key target(s) and compound(s) on AutoDockVina and LigPlot+. GC-MS detected a total of 34 bioactives and all were accepted by Lipinski’s rules and therefore classified as drug-like compounds (DLCs). A total of 597 bioactive-related targets and 4245 cancer-related targets were identified from public databases. The final 51 overlapping targets were selected between the bioactive targets network and cancer-related targets. With Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, a total of 20 signaling pathways were manifested, and a hub signaling pathway (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway), a key target (Akt1), and a key compound (Urs-12-en-24-oic acid, 3-oxo, methyl ester) were selected among the 20 signaling pathways via MDT. Overall, Urs-12-en-24-oic acid, 3-oxo, methyl ester from the C. maackii flower has potent anti-cancer efficacy by inactivating Akt1 on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.