Enhanced biodegradation of thiocyanate by immobilized Bacillus brevis

Biodegradation of Thiocyanate by Free and Immobilized Bacillus brevis was explored. Lignite carbon and Alginate beads have been used as immobilization matrices to study the degradation of thiocyanate with immobilized cells. The rate of thiocyanate degradation is found to be higher by immobilized cells. Cells on lignite carbon matrix are more efficient than cells on alginate beads. The tolerance of the bacteria to the toxic chemical increases by immobilization. Degradation of 100 ppm of thiocyanate was achieved in 20 h by immobilized Bacillus brevis onto lignite carbon. Reduced cost and simplicity make this technique very useful for wastewater treatment.     

Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Neyveli Lignite Samples from Mine Cut-I and II

Abstract

Infrared spectra of Neyveli Lignite samples at different depths from mine cut-I and II were recorded in the region 4000–200 cm^?1. Probable assignments of the bands were made with respect to the components present in the samples. The Lignite samples collected at 80m, 82m, 87m and 90m from minecut-I and 52m, 56m and 58m from minecut - II shows distinctly a band at 1500cm^?1 indicating that these belong to pleistocene—miocene period, while the absence of this band in the samples at deeper depths 92m and 94m from minecut-I and 62m and 65 m from minecut-II indicate that these belong to Oligocene to Palaeocene period.     

褐煤添加对羊粪有机肥发酵过程中水溶性有机物光谱学变化特征的影响

研究添加褐煤对羊粪有机肥中水溶性有机物(DOM)光谱学特性的影响,为高腐殖酸有机肥的腐熟度评价提供依据。以内蒙古褐煤、羊粪为原料,添加10%褐煤进行羊粪有机肥发酵,对不同阶段有机肥样品的DOM进行紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱、FTIR的表征。紫外-可见吸收光谱分析显示,有机肥样品的E₄/E₆值随着有机肥发酵的进行呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,由有机肥开始时的9.110 4降至最低为4.647 7,再升为有机肥结束时的5.390 1;A₁呈现先减小后增大趋势,A₂和A₃均呈现先增大后减少的趋势,峰值出现在12 d。同步荧光光谱显示,荧光峰光强的比值(I₄₇₀/I₄₃₅) 由有机肥起始的0.452 8上升至有机肥结束的0.655 2;A_HLR/A_FLR呈现上升趋势,从有机肥开始的0.673 9上升至有机肥结束的1.040 8。经过18 d的有机肥发酵后,有机肥发酵结束后样品荧光强度小于有机肥起始时的荧光强度,而且10%褐煤添加的羊粪有机肥的相对荧光强度明显高于未添加褐煤的荧光强度。FTIR显示,18 d的有机肥发酵过程中DOM中的碳水化合物、蛋白质被逐渐分解,而羧基、含苯环的物质含量明显增加。随着发酵的进行,DOM中的非腐殖质物质转化为类腐殖质,不饱和结构的多聚化或联合程度变大,稳定度增加;添加褐煤可以有效促进羊粪中木质素类物质的分解,提高羊粪有机肥DOM的芳构化程度,促进羊粪有机肥腐熟。