高分辨电感耦合等离子质谱测定黄连中的微量元素

文章采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)的方法,测定了中草药中四种黄连——味连、雅连、马尾连和胡黄连中的微量元素。结果表明:在所有16种稀土元素中,La,Ce,Nd,Gd,Sm,Sc含量较高,胡黄连的稀土总量为5.18μg·g~(-1),是所有四种黄连的最高者,其次是雅连和马尾连,最低的是味连(1.26μg·g~(-1))。而对于与清热解毒有关的金属无素如Mg,Mn,Zn,Ca和Fe元素,雅连中Mg,Mn,Zn的含量最高。高Fe和Ca的含量存在于马尾连和胡连之中。在测定不同提取方法的提取物中发现,只有部分的稀土元素能被醇和水所提取,它们分别是31.6％和4.1％。清热解毒元素的提取率明显高于稀土元素。     

紫荆花红色素开发利用的研究

首次报道紫荆花红色素的提取纯化方法及红色素的理化性质，并与玫瑰茄红色素作对比研究，证实同属于花青甙类化合物，又经急性毒性试验证明其毒性极低，故紫荆花天然红色素具有开发利用的价值。     

Furostanol saponins with inhibitory action against COX-2 production from Tupistra chinensis rhizomes

Two furostanol saponins were obtained from the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from Tupistra chinensis rhizomes,a folk medicine of Shennongjia Forest District of Hubei Province.Their structures were determined as (25S)-26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)- furost-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and (25R)- 26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-furost-1β,3β22α,26-tetrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glu- copyranoside (2),on basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences.1 and 2 displayed marked inhibitory action towards COX-2 production in macrophages of the rat abdomen induced by LPS at 20μg/mL.     

目标因子分光光度法同时测定中成药复方五味子中三项活性成分

将目标因子分光光度法应用于五味子提取液中五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子醇甲等三项活性成分的同时测定,介绍了基本原理和具体的分析步骤,运用计算机VC 语言对试验数据进行回归分析。试验结果表明,目标因子分光光度法对样品各组分的平均回收率在98.9%-106.7%之间,样品不经分离即可同时测定。     

毛细管电泳法测定五味子中五味子甲素

采用毛细管电泳法,以15 mmol·L-1磷酸氢二钠、15 mmol·L-1硼砂和20%乙醇的缓冲溶液作为运行电解质溶液,获得了五味子甲素与五味子中其余成分的有效分离,且峰形较好.测得五味子甲素线性回归方程为y=-0.72+24.9 x,相关系数为0.998;线性范围为0.03～0.37 g·L-1.测得的五味子中五味子甲素质量分数为1.18%,相对标准偏差为2.63%(n=6);平均回收率为99.6%.     

Hepatoprotective Effects of Ixeris chinensis on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice: An Integrated Gut Microbiota and Metabolomic Analysis

Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai (IC) is a folk medicinal herb used in Mongolian medical clinics for the treatment of hepatitis and fatty liver diseases even though its pharmacological mechanism has not been well characterized. This study investigated the hepatoprotective mechanism of IC on mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by integrating gut microbiota and metabolomic analysis. A high-fat diet (HFD) was used to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, after which the mice were treated with oral IC (0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg) for 10 weeks. HFD induced NAFLD and the therapeutic effects were characterized by pathological and histological evaluations, and the serum indicators were analyzed by ELISA. The gut microbial and metabolite profiles were studied by 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis, respectively. The results showed that the administration of IC resulted in significant decreases in body weight; liver index; serum biomarkers such as ALT, TG, and LDL-C; and the liver inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that administration of IC extract altered both the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of liver samples detected a total of 212 metabolites, of which 128 were differentially expressed between the HFD and IC group. IC was found to significantly alter the levels of metabolites such as L-glutamic acid, pyridoxal, ornithine, L-aspartic acid, D-proline, and N4-acetylaminobutanal, which are involved in the regulation of glutamine and glutamate, Vitamin B6 metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis indicated that the effects of the IC extract on metabolites were associated with alterations in the abundance of Akkermansiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Muribaculaceae. Our study revealed that IC has a potential hepatoprotective effect in NAFLD and that its function might be linked to improvements in the composition of gut microbiota and their metabolites.     

华根霉菌丝体结合脂肪酶催化酯合成动力学拆分2-辛醇

研究了华根霉CCTCC M201021菌丝体结合脂肪酶(RCL)在非水相中催化酯合成动力学拆分外消旋2-辛醇的能力.发现RCL对该反应具有较好的光学选择性(E>100),辛酸和异辛烷分别是最佳的酰基供体和反应溶剂,体系水活度的减少对反应的光学选择性没有明显影响,但能显著提高反应初速度.在相同转化率下,通过添加3A分子筛降低体系水含量可使反应初始速度提高7.3倍.当底物浓度提高到0.230 mol/L,反应40 h时转化率达44.4%,产物酯的ee值为94.7%.与三种商品化脂肪酶进行了比较,发现在相同条件下RCL对2-辛醇的拆分不但具有较好的光学选择性(E=103.1),而且也表现出较高的反应初速度和转化率.     

中药黄柏主要活性成分的光谱成像检测技术

为了实现中药主要活性成分的在体检测,运用光谱成像技术检测中药活性成分.使用自行开发的液晶光谱成像装置对中药黄柏的主要活性成分盐酸小檗碱进行了在体检测,选取紫外光源波长254 nm,获取了检品480～700 nm之间的连续荧光光谱图像.在分析检品光谱剖面图的基础上,以中国药品生物制品检定所提供的盐酸小檗碱标准品的光谱剖面图为依据,设计了高通滤波器得到了检品的特征光谱数据.对八种不同来源的市售黄柏饮片特征光谱,以及黄柏与其同科植物黄皮特征光谱的比较显示,使用本方法对中药进行定性、定量的检测,样品无需特殊处理,可在原生态的情况下进行;检测过程无损、实时;检测结果指纹特征明显.     

中国绿螂精巢的组织学研究

运用光镜技术研究了中国绿螂精巢的组织结构及精子的发生过程.结果显示,中国绿螂的精巢由外壁及其内的无数生殖小管构成.外壁含单层柱状上皮细胞以及较厚的肌肉层.生殖小管的外层为生殖上皮,并由生殖上皮不断向腔内增殖产生精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和精子.伴随着染色质的浓缩,精子发生过程中细胞逐渐变小.中国绿螂的精子呈细长锥体状,形似辣椒,长约8～10 μm.     

太空育种射干的X射线荧光及X射线衍射分析和表征

联用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)方法,对我国独创的第4代太空诱变育种射干中多种元素种类和含量及晶态物质进行了研究。结果表明:太空组射干K元素含量比地面组、对照品分别提高了1.03和0.31倍,Mg元素分别提高了1.44和0.06倍,Ca,Mn和Fe元素含量比地面组分别提高了0.95,0.30和0.29倍,Al元素比地面组、对照组分别降低了38.5%和85.5%,并在射干中鉴别出一水草酸钙(CaC2O4.H2O)晶体,晶体含量是地面组<太空组<对照品。从而可得出结论:太空射干中人体必需的矿质元素比地面组都更接近或优于对照品。文章研究结果和方法对筛选品质优良的太空药材籽种和推广种植太空药材以及建立中药材质量评价标准,有积极的作用和重要意义。