ICP-AES法测定淀粉中的铅、汞、镉、砷

建立了ICP-AES法测定淀粉中铅、汞、镉、砷的方法。用HNO3、HClO4处理样品,然后用ICP-AES法进行测定。加标回收率为98．2％～104．3％,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于5％(n=5)。     

Determination of trace elements in biological materials using tetramethylammonium hydroxide for sample preparation

A method to prepare milk powder, bovine liver and bovine muscle samples for analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) is proposed. Samples are mixed with a small amount of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and a stable and homogeneous slurry is produced in ca. 2 h with heating at 60–70 °C. After such sample preparation and dilution with water, trace elements are determined in certified reference materials. Pyrolysis and atomisation temperatures are optimised for each element, and several modifiers are investigated. External calibration is used for every analyte. Limits of detection (LODs), precision and accuracy are reported for Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu and Ag and compared with those obtained after conventional acid digestion. The main advantages of the proposed method are the simplicity of sample preparation and the longer lifetime of the graphite tube.     

Flow injection system for the on-line preconcentration of Pb by cloud point extraction coupled to USN–ICP OES

A novel method for the determination of Pb by on-line cloud point extraction coupled to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with ultrasonic nebulization (USN–ICP OES) is presented. The cloud point system was formed in the presence of non-ionic micelles of polyethyleneglycolmono-p-nonylphenylether (PONPE 7.5) and was retained in a minicolumn filled with particles of PTFE. Since the micelles of PONPE were able to extract Pb from the solutions, the use of a complexing reagent was not necessary. Afterwards, the surfactant-rich phase containing the analyte was removed from the minicolumn with nitric acid and introduced into the ultrasonic nebulizer. A total enhancement factor of 150 was obtained for a preconcentration time of 3.3 min, with respect to the direct determination of Pb by conventional ICP OES. The values of the detection (3σ) and quantification (10σ) limits for the preconcentration of 10 mL of sample solution were 0.09 µg L^{− 1} and 0.2 µg L^{− 1} respectively. The precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD), for 10 replicate determinations at 5.0 µg L^{− 1} Pb level was 6.0%. Verification of the accuracy was carried out by analysis of two certified reference materials (NIST SRM 1640e and VKI QC Metal LL1). The method was successfully applied to the determination of Pb in drinking water samples.     

Structural and X-ray powder diffraction studies of nano-structured lead(II) coordination polymer with η Pb?C interactions

A new nano-sized Pb(II) one-dimensional coordination polymer with η² Pb-C interactions, [Pb₂(μ₃-ba)₂(μ₂-ba)₂]_n (1) [ba⁻ = benzylacetylacetonate] has been synthesized and characterized by SEM, X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows the coordination number of Pb(II) ions is seven and the lead atoms have hemidirected coordination sphere containing involving Pb?C interactions, C₂O₇Pb. PbO nanoparticles were obtained by calcinations of the nano-sized compound 1 at 600 °C.     

On-line coupling of sequential injection lab-on-valve to differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry for determination of Pb in water samples

Sequential injection lab-on-valve (LOV) was first proposed for analyzing ultra-trace amounts of Pb using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) with a miniaturized electrochemical flow cell fabricated in the LOV unit. Deposition and stripping processes took place between the renewable mercury film carbon paste electrode and sample solution, the peak current was employed as the basis of quantification. The mercury film displayed a long-term stability and reproducibility for at least 50 cycles before next renewal, the properties of integrated miniature LOV unit not only enhanced the automation of the analysis procedure but also declined sample/reagent consumption. Potential factors that affect the present procedure were investigated in detail, i.e., deposition potential, deposition time, electrode renewable procedure and the volume of sample solution. The practical applicability of the present procedure was demonstrated by determination of Pb in environmental water samples.     

Separation/preconcentration of trace amounts of Cr, Cu and Pb in environmental samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction with Bismuthiol-II-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles and their determination by ICP-OES

A new method for separation/preconcentration of trace amounts of Cr, Cu and Pb in environmental samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction (SPE) with Bismuthiol-II-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles and their determination by ICP-OES has been developed. The separation of the target analytes from the aqueous solution containing the target analytes and Bismuthiol-II-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles was simply achieved by applying external magnetic field. Optimal experimental conditions including pH, sample volume, eluent concentration and volume and co-existing ions have been studied and established. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the detection limits for Cr, Cu and Pb with enrichment factors of 96, 95 and 87 were found to be 0.043, 0.058 and 0.085 ng mL⁻¹ and their relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) were 3.5%, 4.6% and 3.7% (n = 5, C = 2 ng mL⁻¹), respectively. The method was validated with certified reference material (GBW50009-88) of environmental water sample and the analytical results coincided well with the certified values. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the determination of target analytes in river and lake water samples. Compared with established methods, the proposed method is characterized with high enrichment factor, fast separation and low detection limits.     

新型显色剂Meso-四(4-羟基-3-乙氧基苯基)卟啉的合成及其应用

合成了四(4-羟基-3-乙氧基苯基)卟啉, 用元素分析、质谱、紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱及核磁共振氢谱进行了表征, 研究了该卟啉与铅离子的显色反应条件. 结果表明, 当pH=11.0时, 在十二烷基磺酸钠存在下, 沸水浴加热5 min反应完全, 在473 nm处测得配合物的表观摩尔吸光系数为2.08×105 L/(mol·cm), 铅量在0~12 μg/25 mL范围内符合比尔定律, 用此法成功地测定人发标准物质中的微量元素铅的含量.     

Evidence of Ternary Inclusion Complexes Formation Using Factorial Design and Determination of Their Formation Constant

Evidence of the interaction among the [PbAc]⁺ and[PbEDTA]^-2 with the -cyclodextrin (-CD)is shown, using a 2⁴ factorial design. The factors used werethe [Pb(II)], [-CD], [Ac^-] and [EDTA] concentrationsat pH = 6.2. The statistical results indicate that the changes inchemical response for these species are associated to theinteraction among these factors. Spectrophotometric andelectrochemical studies were undertaken to assess the interactions.The equilibrium constants for inclusion complexes were determinedFor -CD-[PbAc]⁺ and -CD-[PbEDTA]^-2.     

Rapid dissolution procedure for base-metals-bearing complex materials for quality control assessment

A less labour-intensive method, involving a mixture of 1.0 g MnO₂ + 20 mL HCl (11), is proposed for decomposing seven ores and six metallurgical products for accurate and precise estimation of copper, lead, zinc, cobalt and nickel for quality control assessment. Twentyone international reference materials were also analysed. Results of regression analyses are presented and intermethod comparison studies reveal that the probability of results being different compared with a reference method was less than 1%. Sample decomposition is straightforward and the method has been found to be very simple, rapid and easily adaptable, as it involves no separation of the analyte from the matrix elements.     

螺旋藻中铅镉的ICP-MS测定

采用微波消解、高压罐消化以及HNO3 HClO4消化3种方法对螺旋藻样品进行处理,比较了不同方法产生的空白值和加标回收率。建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定螺旋藻样品中的铅镉的方法。铅镉检出限分别为0.06ng mL和0.05ng mL,RSD均小于3%,加标回收率在98%～101%之间。方法用于实际样品分析。