全文获取类型
收费全文 | 662篇 |
免费 | 64篇 |
国内免费 | 37篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 284篇 |
晶体学 | 23篇 |
力学 | 88篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
数学 | 31篇 |
物理学 | 335篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 28篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 27篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 49篇 |
2013年 | 66篇 |
2012年 | 39篇 |
2011年 | 53篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 49篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 43篇 |
2006年 | 34篇 |
2005年 | 29篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有763条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
92.
Petisco C García-Criado B Mediavilla S Vázquez de Aldana BR Zabalgogeazcoa I García-Ciudad A 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,386(6):1823-1833
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to estimate N, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre
(ADF), lignin and cellulose contents in leaves of a heterogeneous group of 17 woody species from the Central Western region
of the Iberian Peninsula. The sample set consisted of 182 samples of leaves of deciduous and evergreen species, showing a
wide range of concentrations determined by reference methods: 6.60–35.2 g kg−1 (N), 15.5–66.0% (NDF), 10.2–57.3% (ADF), 3.45–27.4% (lignin) and 5.79–31.3% (cellulose). Reflectance spectra, obtained for
samples of dried and ground leaves, were recorded as log1/R (R=reflectance) from 1,100 to 2,500 nm. NIRS calibrations were developed using multiple linear (MLR) and partial least-squares
(PLSR) regressions, and tested by external validation. Spectral data were transformed to the first and second derivative (1D,
2D). The PLSR method and derivative transformations provided the best statistics and showed lower standard errors of calibration
(SEC) and higher coefficients of multiple determination (R
2). In the external validation the standard errors of prediction (SEP) were 0.76 g kg−1 (N), 2.11% (NDF), 1.47% (ADF), 0.85% (lignin) and 0.86% (cellulose). The results obtained show that NIRS is very effective
for the estimation of these organic constituents in leaf tissue of woody species. This technique can be used in ecological
or ecophysiological studies as an alternative to the more time-consuming standard methods. 相似文献
93.
Shi X Takamizawa A Nishimura Y Hiraoka K Akashi S 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2006,41(8):1086-1095
Laser spray, which is a newly developed ionization technique, can characterize the stability of noncovalent complexes in the solution phase. By using this advantage, laser spray has been applied to probe the intrinsic stability of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sequences and their binding affinities with various drugs in the solution phase. Systematic experiments were carried out using six 16-mer and three 22-mer dsDNA oligomers, together with the complexes of the 16-mer dsDNA with minor groove binders: berenil, Hoechst 33342, DAPI, and netropsin. Dissociation curves for each dsDNA or each complex were plotted as a function of laser power. The laser power (E50%), where 50% of each dsDNA or each complex was dissociated, was compared with its melting temperature (Tm) determined by UV spectroscopy. Linear correlations between E50% and Tm were obtained not only for the dsDNA oligomers (correlation factor r = 0.9835) but also for the 16-mer dsDNA complexes with minor groove binders (r = 0.9966). In addition, laser spray has successfully clarified the binding affinities of a 16-mer dsDNA with two intercalators: daunomycin and nogalamycin. In the case of the dsDNA-daunomycin complex, by changing the molar ratio of dsDNA : drug from 1 : 1 to 1 : 5, the concentration-dependent stability of the complex was confirmed by laser spray. The present results demonstrate that laser spray mass spectrometry can be a powerful and convenient method to investigate the relative binding affinities of dsDNA-ligand complexes in the solution phase, which could be applied to the early stage of high-throughput screening of drugs targeting for dsDNA. 相似文献
94.
Fluorine (F) incorporated polycrystalline SnO2 films have been deposited onto glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. To possess information about the electrical properties of all films, their electrical conductivities were investigated depending on the temperature, and their activation and trap energies were analyzed. The crystalline structure, surface properties and elemental analysis of the SnO2 films were examined to determine the effect of the F element. After all investigations, it was concluded that each fluorine incorporation rate has a different and important effect on the physical properties, and SnO2:F (3 at%) films were found to be the most promising sample for energy conversion devices, especially as conducting electrode in solar cells with its improved structural and electrical properties as compared to others. 相似文献
95.
Stéphane Bessy 《Discrete Applied Mathematics》2010,158(16):1732-1744
A graph G=(V,E) is a 3-leaf power iff there exists a tree T the leaf set of which is V and such that uv∈E iff u and v are at distance at most 3 in T. The 3-leaf power graph edge modification problems, i.e. edition (also known as the closest 3-leaf power), completion and edge-deletion are FPT when parameterized by the size of the edge set modification. However, polynomial kernels were known for none of these three problems. For each of them, we provide kernels with O(k3) vertices that can be computed in linear time. We thereby answer an open problem first mentioned by Dom et al. (2004) [8]. 相似文献
96.
The purpose of this study was to find optimum treatment conditions for selective photothermolysis by evaluating internal–external heat distributions according to different cooling methods. The 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser was transmitted into a skin-mimicking phantom with different cooling conditions, and its minimum temperatures and sub-zero times were measured. The cooling methods were classified into a total of eight conditions composed of five cryogen spray cooling conditions and three air cooling conditions. Based on the experimental results, condition 2 was selected as the optimum cooling condition for selective photothermolysis obtained from the cryogen spray cooling method. 相似文献
97.
The objective of the current research deals with the experimental study of an air-atomized spray with surfactant-added water, cooling a 12-mm-thick AISI-1020 stationary steel plate at three different initial surface temperatures (400°C, 600°C, and 900°C). Furthermore, the effects of surfactant concentration and airflow rate on the cooling rate have been investigated. The surface heat flux and surface temperature show a significant improvement in cooling for all three cases of initial surface temperatures when the air-atomized spray was used with surfactant-added water. 相似文献
98.
99.
The co-flow laminar spray diffusion flame in an oscillating flow field is investigated. Mild slip is permitted between the droplets and their host surroundings and droplet grouping resulting from the host flow oscillations is accounted for. The spray is modelled using the sectional approach and a perturbation analysis using a small sectional Stokes number is utilised for solving the liquid phase governing equations. The effect of droplet grouping is described through a specially constructed model for the vaporisation Damkohler number. The large chemical Damkohler number assumption is adopted and a formal analytical solution is developed for Schwab-Zeldovitch parameters through which the dynamics of the spray flame front shapes and thermal fields are deduced. Computed results based on the solutions demonstrate how the phenomenon of droplet grouping can lead to the existence of multiple flame sheets as a result of the dynamic change in the type of the main homogeneous flame from under- to over-ventilated as the flow field oscillates. Concomitant fluctuating thermal fields are also shown to be present indicating a potential impact on undesirable pollutants production. 相似文献
100.
The introduction of compound-drop spray in a combustion system is a new concept. These droplets bear two gasification stages to cause an integral positive or negative effect on a premixed flame to raise or lower the local temperature of the gasification region. In this paper, we adopt a compound drop which contains a water core encased by a layer of shell fuel. A one-dimensional homogeneous lean or rich premixed flame with the dilute compound-drop spray was investigated by using large activation energy asymptotic analysis. The compound-drop spray burning mode was defined and divided into completely pre-vaporised burning (CPB), shell pre-vaporised burning (SPB) and shell partially pre-vaporised (SPP) burning modes by way of the gasification zones of the shell fuel and the core water relative to the flame position. The influences of the initial droplet radius, the shell-fuel mass fraction and the liquid loading of the compound-drop spray on the lean and rich flames were analysed. By means of the normalisation parameter of flame propagation mass flux (), enhancement, suppression or extinction of the compound-drop spray flame can be represented clearly. Furthermore, from the observation of extinction, the necessary conditions of extinction of a lean spray flame by the internal heat transfer are that the spray is a negative effect and causes a sufficient heat loss rate at flame sheet downstream side. For a rich spray flame, three extinction patterns were observed; they occur in SPP, SPB or at the critical SPB mode, but do not in CPB. The extinction maps of the compound-drop spray demarcate the patterns and also indicate the limitations and corresponding conditions of the flame extinction. 相似文献