M2B7-(M=Mg,Zn)团簇的双重芳香性促进Mg-Mg和Zn-Zn单键的形成

本文使用密度泛函理论设计了两个无需配体的具有Mg-Mg和Zn-Zn单键的团簇Mg₂B₇^-和Zn₂B₇^-. 这两种团簇的全局能量最低构型均以M₂²⁺(B₇^3-)的形式存在,其中M-M单键处于准平面六边形形状的B₇部分的上方. 化学键分析证实了这些团簇中Mg-Mg和Zn-Zn单键的存在,这些单键是在异常稳定的B₇^3-的驱动下生成的. 该B₇^3-部分同时具有σ和π双重芳香性. 计算得到Mg₂B₇^-和Zn₂B₇^-的垂直跃迁能分别为2.79 eV和2.94 eV.     

氮低温制冷循环系统在大科学装置中的应用与发展

大科学装置中低温设备的氮低温冷量需要日益快速增长,为减少能耗和保障装置的长期稳定运行,基于大科学装置氮低温系统运行需求,介绍了氮低温制冷循环系统在国内外大科学装置中的应用情况,总结了目前大科学装置中应用氮低温制冷循环系统的研究现状,并探讨以氮制冷机为核心的氮低温制冷循环系统在未来大科学装置中发展方向。     

A reflectometric method to measure the azimuthal anchoring energy of a nematic liquid crystal

Summary A new reflectometric method to measure the azimuthal anchoring energy at the interface between a nematic liquid crystal and an isotropic method is proposed. The spurious contribution to the reflectivity coefficients due to the presence of a director-field distortion near the interface is calculated by using the numerical Berreman algorithm and is shown to be negligible for magnetic fields small enough (H<10 kG). Preliminary measurements of the azimuthal anchoring energy at the interface between the NLC 5CB and a rubbed glass plate are given. Research supported in part by MPI and in part by CNR.     

Flexoelectric origin of oblique rolls with helical flow in electroconvective nematics under DC excitation

We present a 3-dimensional, linear analysis of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) roll instability in a nematic liquid crystal under DC excitation. It is shown that the flexoelectric effect leads to a new symmetry of the flow pattern, viz. ahelical flow inoblique rolls. Our experimental observations agree with the theoretical predictions.     

钽铌酸锂晶体的布里渊散射研究

研究了钽铌酸锂(LiTa_xNb_(1-x)O_3,x=0.0013,0.0052,0.015,0.06)晶体在室温的布里渊散射.给出了它们的弹性刚度常数和压电应力常数.测量了一种组份晶体的布里渊散射频移在50K～580K范围内的温度特性.发现某些声子散射谱中除三个正常峰外还存在一个异常峰.     

等效电流方法计算单模光纤的辐射损耗

本文将无源的不规则波导看作有源的理想波导,求等效极化电流电场,直接得到单一光波导模间耦合和辐射损耗问题的解。用这个方法计算了阶跃单模光纤折射率轴向不均匀变化的损耗。这种方法完全脱离了耦合波的概念,它不但物理意义明确,而且求解问题的方法简洁。最后以单模光纤弯曲和微弯损耗为例,说明等效电流方法还适用于广义耦合波理论才能求解的问题。     

Miscibility studies of disc-like molecules

The total miscibility method is applied to study the recently discovered mesophases of disc-like molecules, benzene-hexa-n-alkanoates. These compounds do not form continuous solid solutions, but are totally miscible in the liquid and mesomorphic states. The virtual mesophase-isotropic transition temperature for the hexanoate compound derived from the miscibility diagram is in excellent accord with that obtained from the previously reported pressure-temperature phase diagram. With simplifying assumptions, it is possible to predict with acceptable reliability the isobaric binary phase diagrams of any two members of the series. The real and virtual mesophase-liquid transition temperatures are linear functions of the molecular weight. On the other hand, a plot of the crystal-liquid transition temperatures versus the molecular weight exhibits a minimum. Total miscibility in the mesomorphic state is not observed for two members of different discogenic series, but the existence of different mesophase types is not proved. Lyotropic mesomorphism for a disc-like mesophase is established.     

One-dimensional model with rotational and liquid-crystalline phase transitions

A one-dimensional system of hard-rod particles with rotational-like internal degrees of freedom is considered. Particles interact with each other through the infinite-range, infinitely weak attractive Kac potential, and through a nearest-neighbor short-range potential. The latter depends also on the internal states of the interacting particles. Exact results for thermodynamic properties and for some correlation functions are obtained. It is found that the considered system exhibits several first-order transitions between phases with different rotational structure, i.e., with different ordering with respect to the internal degrees of freedom. The calculated equation of state seems to suggest that in the solutions of liquid-crystalline substances in neutral solvents there may exist regions in which the coefficient of thermal expansion is negative—an effect similar to that well known in liquid water.     

An injection-locked single-mode tea CO2 laser for SMM laser pumping

A D₂O laser has been developed for collective Thomson scattering measurements of ion temperature in high temperature plasmas. A pulse duration and a spectral width of a high power D₂O laser has been successfully controlled for this purpose, by using a TEA CO₂ laser injection-locked by an etalon-tuned TEA CO₂ laser as a pump source.     

超导纳米线单光子探测器

利用磁控溅射、电子束光刻和反应离子刻蚀等微加工技术,开展了超导纳米线单光子探测器(SNSPD)的研究.通过对SNSPD的设计和制备工艺参数的优化,成功制备出了高质量的SNSPD.单光子检测实验表明,制备的SNSPD对660 nm波长的光信号,系统检测效率可达30%,对1550 nm波长光信号,最大系统检测效率为4.2%.在平均暗计数小于10 c/s的情况下,系统检测效率大于20%(660 nm)和3%(1550 nm). 关键词： 单光子 氮化铌 纳米线 探测器