Reprint of : Spin polarization induced by an electric field in the presence of weak localization effects

We evaluate the spin polarization (Edelstein or inverse spin galvanic effect) and the spin Hall current induced by an applied electric field by including the weak localization corrections for a two-dimensional electron gas. We show that the weak localization effects yield logarithmic corrections to both the spin polarization conductivity relating the spin polarization and the electric field and to the spin Hall angle relating the spin and charge currents. The renormalization of both the spin polarization conductivity and the spin Hall angle combine to produce a zero correction to the total spin Hall conductivity as required by an exact identity. Suggestions for the experimental observation of the effect are given.     

Dielectric properties and study of AC electrical conduction mechanisms by non-overlapping small polaron tunneling model in Bis(4-acetylanilinium) tetrachlorocuprate(II) compound

In the present work, the synthesis and characterization of the Bis(4-acetylanilinium) tetrachlorocuprate(II) compound are presented. The structure of this compound is analyzed by X-ray diffraction which confirms the formation of single phase and is in good agreement the literature. Indeed, the Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA) shows that the decomposition of the compound is observed in the range of 420–520 K. However, the differential thermal analysis (DTA) indicates the presence of a phase transition at T=363 k. Furthermore, the dielectric properties and AC conductivity were studied over a temperature range (338–413 K) and frequency range (200 Hz–5 MHz) using complex impedance spectroscopy. Dielectric measurements confirmed such thermal analyses by exhibiting the presence of an anomaly in the temperature range of 358–373 K. The complex impedance plots are analyzed by an electrical equivalent circuit consisting of resistance, constant phase element (CPE) and capacitance. The activation energy values of two distinct regions are obtained from log σT vs 1000/T plot and are found to be E=1.27 eV (T<363 K) and E=1.09 eV (363 K<T).The frequency dependence of ac conductivity, σ_ac, has been analyzed by Jonscher's universal power law σ(ω)=σ_dc+Aω^s. The value of s is to be temperature-dependent, which has a tendency to increase with temperature and the non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) model is the most applicable conduction mechanism in the title compound.     

Hartree-Fock variational bounds for ground state energy of chargeless fermions with finite magnetic moment in the presence of a hard core potential: A stable ferromagnetic state

We use different determinantal Hartree-Fock (HF) wave functions to calculate true variational upper bounds for the ground state energy of N spin-half fermions in volume V ₀, with mass m, electric charge zero, and magnetic moment μ, interacting through magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. We find that at high densities when the average interparticle distance r ₀ becomes small compared to the magnetic length r _m ≡ 2mμ²/ħ², a ferromagnetic state with spheroidal occupation function n _↑(), involving quadrupolar deformation, gives a lower upper bound compared to the variational energy for the uniform paramagnetic state or for the state with dipolar deformation. This system is unstable towards infinite density collapse, but we show explicitly that a suitable short-range repulsive (hard core) interaction of strength U ₀ and range a can stop this collapse. The existence of a stable equilibrium high density ferromagnetic state with spheroidal occupation function is possible as long as the ratio of coupling constants Γ_cm ≡ (U ₀ a ³/μ²) is not very small compared to 1.      

Scattering problem with nonlocal separable potential of rank-two: Application to statistical mechanics

In this paper, we present a formulation of statistical mechanics of a thermodynamic system consisting of free particles and independent correlated pairs interacting via nonlocal potential in terms of the scattering properties. Some quantum statistical properties such as energy, heat capacity, second virial coefficient, virial pressure and quantum correction of kinetic energy are described analytically. The difference between the resolvents of the interacting and free Hamiltonians, represented as , that is associated with particle correlations is used for the evaluation of the properties. The statistical properties are related to correlated states, when making a pole expansion of the analytically continued momentum matrix element of . The present work illustrates these relations for a three-dimensional nonlocal separable potential of rank-two.     

单链和gemini表面活性剂的NMR研究

应用核磁共振技术,对几种典型的表面活性剂在水溶液中的聚集行为、结构特征、动力学特性和相互作用等进行了研究. 
利用1D ¹H NMR方法测得4-癸基萘磺酸钠（SDNS）在313 K温度时的临界胶束浓度（CMC）在0.82~0.92 mmol/L之间,与报道的298 K时的CMC范围相同. 弛豫时间和2D NOESY实验结果表明,与298 K时的SDNS胶束相比,313 K温度时,SDNS胶束中烷烃链排列得更紧密,其中与萘环相连的第一和第二个亚甲基参与了胶束紧密层的形成,更紧密地堆积在萘环之间. SDNS质子T₂值随温度的变化表明,在单体和胶束两种状态下,质子运动对温度的敏感性明显不同. 由自扩散系数分析得到,SDNS胶束的水合半径约为其单体水合半径的5.3倍. 而在十二烷基磺酸钠（SDSN）胶束中,由于静电排斥力的作用,在同样温度下SDSN的胶束紧密层排列比SDNS更疏松. 
NMR实验表明,在SDNS/Triton X-100 (TX-100)和SDNS/SDSN体系中形成了混合胶束. 在SDNS/TX-100混合胶束中,TX-100的苯环靠近SDNS的烷烃链,而它的聚烷氧链除与苯环相连的第一个乙氧基基团以外都被限制在SDNS的萘环附近. 在SDNS/SDSN混合胶束中,SDSN的磺酸基比SDNS分子更靠近胶束内部. 而SDNS的萘环将SDSN的磺酸基分隔开,在降低带负电荷的磺酸基极性头之间的静电排斥力中起到了积极的作用,有助于混合胶束的形成.
从自扩散系数、横向弛豫和质子距离等NMR测定参数推测,在浓度为0.26 mmol/L（318 K）的N,N′-双(十六烷基二甲基)-α,ω-丙烷溴化铵(16-3-16)溶液中形成了近似球形的胶束,胶束表面的带正电荷的铵基极性头呈锯齿状排列以减弱分子间静电排斥力的影响. 弛豫时间测定表明,与N,N′-双(十六烷基二甲基)-α,ω-丁烷溴化铵(16-4-16)相比,16-3-16在胶束表面的spacer链段更僵硬, 在胶束核区的烷烃侧链排列的更紧密. NMR共振峰的线形分析表明,16-3-16和16-4-16侧链末端的甲基在胶束中位于两个不同的位置.      

Remarkably improved cycling stability of 3D porous Cu–Sn anode for lithium-ion full cells by adjusting working voltage range

Numerous studies confirm that three dimensional porous Cu–Sn (3DP Cu–Sn) anode possesses good application prospect in light of its desirable electrochemical performance on lithium ion half cells, but there are a few related systematic researches on lithium ion full cells until now, which is indispensable before its commercialization. Herein, the effects of galvanostatic charge-discharge voltage range on the cycling stability of 3DP Cu–Sn anode for lithium ion full cells are investigated systematically. The results show that the suitable charge-discharge voltage range plays a key role in improving the reversible capacity and cycling stability of the 3DP Cu–Sn||LiCoO₂ full cell, which is closely related to maintaining the electrode structure stable by controlling the amount of Li⁺ extracted and inserted. Especially, in the voltage range of 1.2–3.9 ​V, the full cell exhibits remarkably improved electrochemical properties with the high initial reversible capacity of 2.71 ​mAh cm⁻² and 71.95% capacity retention upon 80 cycles. We believe that this work can provide a significant reference for the practical application of porous Sn-based anodes.     

N-Tosylhydrazone as an oxidizing directing group for the redox-neutral access to isoquinolines via Cp1Co(III)-Catalyzed C–H/N–N activation

Herein, an efficient and economic access has been revealed for the synthesis of isoquinolines via C–H bond activation strategy by using comparatively inexpensive and versatile cobalt catalyst. A hardly investigated directing group, N-tosylhydrazone has been effectively applied as an internal oxidant for an annulation reaction with internal alkynes via C–H/N–N bond functionalization. This catalytic protocol works for the extensive variety of substrates in moderate to excellent yields under external oxidant-free conditions. Additionally, the proposed protocol has advantages such as broad substrate coverage with significant product yields, readily synthesized substrates as well as scalability up to the gram quantity which further improves the competency of the methodology.