Optical pressure sensors for high-pressure–high-temperature studies in a diamond anvil cell

We review the various optical pressure sensors that are suitable for high-pressure and high-temperature studies in a diamond anvil cell. Two different kinds of sensors are considered: those based on the pressure shift of a fluorescence line (ruby, SrB₄O₇:Sm²⁺) and those based on the pressure shift of a Raman line (c-BN, diamond). The calibration of those sensors are presented in detail, and discussion is made on their useful pressure and temperature ranges.     

Smoke triggered corona discharge sensor

This paper presents an ionic smoke sensor working without a radioactive ionization source. The presence of smoke particles reduces significantly the effective corona discharge threshold of air by a factor greater than 5. The smoke sensor consists of a wire under an intermediate continuous voltage which generates a current only in presence of smoke. The sensor electric consumption is therefore very low and can operate for a long time. Results of a prototype operating under 600 V with a 25-μm-diameter wire are shown.     

Lanthanide-Sensitized Luminescence as a Promising Tool in Clinical Analysis

Abstract

The recent applications and novelties of lanthanide-sensitized luminescence (LSL) as a detection technique in clinical analysis are here reviewed. In LSL, lanthanide ions form complexes with organic compounds; in these complexes, the energy absorbed by the organic chromophore (usually the analyte) at its characteristic excitation wavelength is transferred to a triplet state of the molecule and then transferred to a resonance level of the lanthanide ion, which finally emits luminescence at its particular emission wavelength. The characteristics of this process will be reviewed and particular attention will be paid to the development of automatic methods of analysis, fluorescence probes, or flow-through optosensors, due to their potential applications in clinical analysis. A critical discussion of the advantages and handicaps of each analytical method is done and the trends of analytical chemistry in this research field are also presented.     

Manipulation of light at the nanoscale for high-performance spectroscopic and optical applications

In this paper, we explore the use of nanostructures for a number of fascinating applications. These applications based on nanostructures include (1) optical sensors, (2) nanopixel printing, (3) improving the resolution of imaging techniques, and (4) lithography. In the sensing field, nanostructures are exploited for advanced sensor performance, namely, the label-free and enhanced sensitivity of (1) the surface plasmon resonance sensor and (2) the extraordinary optical transmission sensor and (3) the high sensitivity and selectivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. In addition, research using nanostructures for visual applications was introduced for (1) harnessing nanostructures for full-color pixel printing and (2) exploiting metallic nanostructures to enhance the imaging resolution under diffraction limits based on the plasmonic effect. Finally, we introduce low cost, high accuracy, and fast lithographic methods based on the plasmonic effect by exploiting metallic nanostructures.     

用硅双结型色敏器件测量色温

提出了一种用硅双结型色敏器件测量色温的方法．在合理的测控电路下，硅双结型色敏器件的电流对数比与实验灯泡的色温值呈良好的单值对应，经单片机处理后可以得到分段线性关系．通过对电流对数比与波长随线的数据拟合，结果表明，用硅双结型色敏器件测量色温，其测量温度可以到10^4K以上，精度可以达到10K．本文的方法与传统方法相比减少了工作量，降低了费用，具有通用性和实用价值．     

消光式核壳二聚体传感器的设计与光谱特性分析

根据ITO/Au纳米核壳二聚体粒子在生物医学领域的应用合理性,设计了一种实时检测生物液体的核壳二聚体探针消光式传感器;由偶极子理论推导出输出波长与外界环境折射率关系;利用MATLAB设计ITO/Au纳米核壳二聚体粒子结构;采用软件DDSCAT7.3结合离散偶极近似法,利用二聚体有效半径模拟计算了300~950nm可见光到红外光波段不同核壳比、二聚体间距、以及不同介质折射率的消光光谱;根据传感芯片折射率与偶极共振、耦合八级共振的响应关系得出ITO/Au二聚体的折射率灵敏特性。与传统Ag/Au核壳纳米粒子相比,ITO/Au纳米核壳二聚体结构引入了可作为传感芯片灵敏性自参考参数的耦合八级共振峰,同时ITO/Au二聚体结构的折射率灵敏度可达到419nm/RIU。这些工作及其结果对制作消光式传感器具有重要的意义。     

光寻址电位传感器的正交相位检波检测方法

光寻址电位传感器的幅度检测方法易受噪声干扰,灵敏度差,信噪比和精度低,且受调制光源的影响较大,影响检测结果的准确性.为此提出了一种基于正交相位检波的光寻址电位传感器检测方法.该方法是将光寻址电位传感器的输出光电流信号分别与两路正交信号相乘,通过低通滤波提取直流分量并相除,即可得到光寻址电位传感器的输出信号相位信息.与已有的光寻址电位传感器相位检测方法相比,该方法具有算法复杂度低、实时性高的优点.实验研究了调制光源光强对光寻址电位传感器幅度检测和相位检测的影响,对比分析了光寻址电位传感器的传统幅度检测方法与正交相位检波检测方法对pH检测的灵敏度、线性度及信噪比.结果表明,相比于幅度检测方法,调制光源光强对光寻址电位传感器的相位检测影响更小,在频率为10 kHz,pH的范围为1.68~10.01的情况下,相位检测方法比幅度检测方法测得的灵敏度增加了7 mV/pH,精度提高了14.9 mpH,非线性误差减小了0.003%,均方差减少了0.1051×10^-5,信噪比增加了8.2827 dB.该方法特别适用于弱光下的光寻址电位传感器检测.     

光子晶体光纤温度压力传感器

提出了一种在高温环境下同时测量温度和气压的光子晶体光纤温度压力传感器.在普通单模光纤和光子晶体光纤之间熔接一段空心光纤构成干涉结构.空心光纤段构成非本征法布里-珀罗干涉仪,利用光子晶体光纤的微孔与外界相通,通过气体折射率变化来测量环境中的气压变化;光子晶体光纤段构成本征法布里-珀罗干涉仪,利用热膨胀效应和热光效应来测量环境中的温度.传感器的解调通过自制的白光干涉解调仪实现,实验通过测量腔长得到被测环境的温度和气压.在不同温度和气压环境下,对腔长分别为306μm和1535μm的温度压力光纤传感器进行连续测量.实验结果表明,传感器能够在28~800℃的温度下和0~10 MPa的气压下稳定工作,测量范围内温度灵敏度可达17.4 nm/℃,压力灵敏度随温度增加而降低,在28℃时可达1460.5 nm/MPa.     

phyphox软件介绍及其在物理教学中的应用

全面介绍了基于手机传感器应用的phyphox软件的功能,并对于每种传感器均给出了相应实例来说明并启发其在物理教学中的应用.文章最后尝试总结了phyphox软件的优缺点,并对phyphox在物理教学中的应用前景作了展望和思考,期望对广大物理教师和物理教育研究者提供有益参考.     

基于石墨烯/石墨烯卷轴复合薄膜高灵敏度柔性压力传感器

一维导电材料例如纳米线,大量应用于柔性压力传感器中. 但是一维材料和基底之间接触时相互作用力较弱,使得传感器灵敏度、响应时间、和循环寿命等性能指标有待进一步提高. 针对这些问题,设计了石墨烯/石墨烯卷轴多分子层复合薄膜作为传感器导电层. 石墨烯卷轴具有一维结构,而石墨烯的二维结构可以牢固地固定卷轴,以确保高导电性复合薄膜与基底之间的粘附性,同时整体结构的导电通道得到了增加. 由于一维和二维结构的协同效应,实现了应变灵敏度系数3.5 kPa^-1、 响应时间小于50 ms、能够稳定工作1000次以上的压阻传感器.