The effect of ultrasound treatment on the interaction of brine with pork meat proteins

The objective of the study is to elucidate the effect of ultrasound treated salt solution on curing of pork meat. The interactions of salt (NaCl) solutions of 3 and 25% with the proteins of pork meat are studied. High intensity ultrasound operating at 20 kHz was used. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), NMR spin-spin relaxation time, unfrozen water and water diffusion coefficient measurements were carried out in meat cured with ultrasound treated and untreated salt solutions. The effect of ultrasonication was most evident from measured spin-spin relaxation times T₂₁, the rate of chemical exchange of water protons k and the amount of unfrozen water W_unf in the meat. The measured diffusion coefficient of water D_w in meat cured with ultrasound treated and control salt solution did not show significant difference. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation data, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the diffusion coefficient data reliably show that the possible action of ultrasound to salt solution was manifested on the first 2 days of the experiment with a 3% salt solution.     

共沉淀法制备LuGG∶Ce纳米荧光粉及其发光性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了Ce³⁺掺杂的Lu₃Ga₅O₁₂(LuGG∶Ce)纳米荧光粉,采用Rietveld结构精修的方法确定了其结构参数。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测定了所合成纳米荧光粉的形貌。在365 nm激发光激发下,观测到的发射光谱呈非对称宽带,中心波长为438 nm。通过高斯拟合得到该发射谱带包含中心波长分别为426 nm和470 nm的两个发射峰。LuGG∶Ce的发光色度坐标为(0.176 9, 0.180 3),对应为蓝光发射。结果表明,LuGG∶Ce适用于通过紫外光(UV)激发实现蓝光发射,在紫外光(UV)激发白光LED领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

橙红色荧光粉Ca2GdNbO6∶Sm3+,Na+的制备及发光性能

为了研究Na⁺掺杂对Ca₂GdNbO₆∶0.03Sm³⁺荧光粉发光性能的影响,本文采用高温固相反应法成功制备了一系列Ca₂GdNbO₆∶0.03Sm³⁺,xNa⁺(x=0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07、0.10;x为摩尔分数)荧光粉。XRD图谱和精修结果表明,Na⁺成功掺入Ca₂GdNbO₆∶0.03Sm³⁺晶格。发光性能测试结果表明,Na⁺的掺入提高了Ca₂GdNbO₆∶0.03Sm³⁺荧光粉的发光强度,其最佳掺杂浓度为5%。在406 nm波长激发下,荧光粉在602 nm (⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2)处发射峰最强且发射出橙红光。浓度猝灭结果及热稳定性研究表明,Ca₂GdNbO₆∶0.03Sm³⁺,0.05Na⁺基质中能量传递主要发生在最近邻离子之间,荧光粉的热猝灭激活能为0.119 eV。该荧光粉的色坐标位于橙红色区域(0.593 5,0.404 7),与国际照明委员会规定的标准色坐标(0.666,0.333)接近,表明Ca₂GdNbO₆∶0.03Sm³⁺,xNa⁺荧光粉在白光LED领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

环氧树脂电子束固化过程中的电子能量传播机制

将环氧树脂辐射固化过程中的温度分布和辐射固化后的固化度分布与反应前的电子能量沉积模拟计算结果相结合, 探讨电子束在辐射固化过程中的能量传播机制. 结果表明, 辐射开始初期, 固化反应发生前, 电子能量在聚丙烯模具内环氧树脂体系中的沉积满足离子注入理论, 即电子能量沉积在距辐射表面一定距离处达到最大, 然后随辐射距离的增加沉积能量减小; 而在玻璃模具内的树脂体系中, 电子能量从辐射表面向里逐渐降低. 随体系中固化反应的发生, 最大电子浓度区域转移, 最终出现在临近最大电子沉积浓度区域辐射深度稍远的地方. 能量吸收和反应放热导致的升温不影响树脂固化度大小, 但会影响固化度分布.     

Eu3+掺杂Sr3Y2TeO9的红色荧光粉

采用高温固相法制备了一系列Sr₃Y_2-xTeO₉∶xEu³⁺新型红色荧光粉,研究了Sr₃Y_2-xTeO₉∶xEu³⁺的物相结构、发光性能、衰减寿命以及热稳定性。研究结果表明新型红色荧光粉Sr₃Y_2-xTeO₉∶xEu³⁺能在近紫外光或蓝光激发下发出强烈的红光,并确定了Sr₃Y_2-xTeO₉∶xEu³⁺的浓度猝灭机制是电偶极-电偶极之间相互作用。其色坐标结果表明,随着掺杂浓度的增加该荧光粉的色坐标均在红色区域。温度相关荧光发射光谱揭示了该荧光粉具有良好的热稳定性。荧光衰减曲线显示在Sr₃Y_2-xTeO₉∶xEu³⁺荧光粉中当x=0.34时为最佳掺杂浓度,其平均荧光寿命为0.619 ms。综合以上研究结果表明新型红色荧光粉Sr₃Y_2-xTeO₉∶xEu³⁺在荧光转换近紫外激发白光二极管中具有良好的应用前景。     

UV curing polymer materials for making laser glass

Epoxy acrylate was synthesized by reacting epoxy resin with acrylic acid in the presence of quaternary ammonium salt. The effects of photoinitiators on the curing rate have been studied. UV curing polymer materials for making laser glass have been selected. The laser glass thus manufactured is a new decorative building material. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NMR and FTIR investigation of the solution imidization kinetics of model compounds of PMDA/ODA polyamic ethyl ester

Meta- and para-diethyl-p,p-oxydiphenylene pyromellitamide (DOP), the model compounds of the meta and para PMDA/ODA polyamic ethyl ester, were synthesized and characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Investigation of the imidization in d₆-DMSO solution using NMR and FTIR techniques has shown that both the half imide and imide were formed. Quantitative analysis of the curing rates and degrees of conversion of the isomers in dilute d₆-DMSO solution as a function of time under isothermal conditions or as function of temperature at fixed time (1 h) indicated that the kinetics of the ring closure reaction of the meta and para isomers were the same within 10%. This suggests that intrinsic reactivity differences between the isomers do not have much effect on the imidization process and do not account for the differences in rate that have been observed for the meta and para polymers in the solid state. No interconversion between the two isomeric forms occurred below 180°C, as has been observed for polyamic acids and their model compounds. The degree of conversion strongly depended on the reaction temperature and increased quickly after 170°C. The rate constant of the second ring closure reaction was found to be approximately three to four times the rate constant of the first ring closure reaction. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

固化温度对聚苯乙烯空心微球质量的影响

在乳液微封装技术制备聚苯乙烯空心微球的工艺中,固化过程是决定微球球形度及壁厚均匀性的关键阶段。基于乳粒发生器制备内径(85010) m、壁厚(25025) m的复合乳粒,以25 ℃,45 ℃和65 ℃作为固化温度,考察了固化温度对微球球形度和壁厚均匀性的影响。结果表明,固化温度越低,界面张力越高,乳液固化速率越慢,微球球形度和壁厚均匀性越好。当固化温度为25 ℃时,批次微球中球形偏离值优于2 m的微球产率为90%,壁厚偏差值优于2 m的微球产率为40%,明显优于固化温度为45 ℃和65 ℃时微球的质量。     

低色温无荧光粉LED光源的可靠性研究

为了对比研究新型低色温无荧光粉LED光源和低色温荧光粉LED光源的可靠性,本文进行了85℃加速老化和温度步进应力实验,测试了各光电参数在老化过程中的变化规律,并分析了有无荧光粉低色温光源的老化衰减机理。实验结果表明,在20 A/cm²工作电流密度、85℃的加速老化条件下,两种类型的光源都表现出很好的稳定性,但随着功率的增加,无荧光粉光源展现出更好的光通量稳定性;随着温度的升高,无荧光粉光源在高达200℃左右仍表现出良好的可靠性,而荧光粉光源则在175℃后出现了明显的光通量衰减和色温升高。电流应力或温度应力提升以后,无荧光粉光源展现出更优异的可靠性。     

Real-Time NMR. How Fast Can We Do It?

Network structure development during cross-linking photopolymerization of polyethylene glycol di-acrylate and its mixture with a mono-functional 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was studied using real-time proton NMR T₂ relaxation analysis. The time resolution of the method is typically in the order of seconds. The results reveal largely heterogeneous origin of network build up at the intermediate stages of photocuring. Domains of nano-gel are already formed on initial stages of UV-curing where hardly any change in viscosity is observed. Upon increasing curing time the fraction of gel increases at the expence of sol, the molar mass of network chains decreases and the molar mass of sol increases. The presence of mono-acrylate slows down the curing rate. The curing continues after UV-illumination causing a significant increase in the amount of gel and cross-link density in the gel. Thus, the NMR method is a valuable tool for characterization of the kinetics of photopolymerization, the development of molecular structure and the resultant molecular scale heterogeneity during photocuring.