Microbial Production of 1,3-Propanediol by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Klebsiella pneumoniae</Emphasis> XJPD-Li under Different Aeration Strategies

The microbial production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) by Klebsiella pneumoniae XJPD-Li under different aeration strategies were investigated. In batch fermentation, the results showed that the final concentration of 1,3-PD and yield on glycerol were 13.44 g/l and 0.73 mol/mol under the anaerobic condition (N₂, 0.4 vvm), 11.55 g/l and 0.62 mol/mol without aeration, and 8.73 g/l and 0.47 mol/mol under the aerobic condition (air, 0.4 vvm), respectively. Under the aerobic condition, the yield of 1,3-PD on glycerol was the lowest, while the biomass (optical density at 650 nm) was the highest among these three conditions. In the fed-batch culture, the final concentration and the yield of 1,3-PD was 60.82 g/l and 0.61 mol/mol under the anaerobic condition (N₂, 0.4 vvm), 56.43 g/l and 0.53 mol/mol without aeration, and 65.26 g/l and 0.56 mol/mol under the aerobic condition. All these three conditions had good productivities of 1,3-PD, which were 3.35 g/l·h under the anaerobic condition (N₂, 0.4 vvm), 3.13 g/l·h without aeration, and 3.16 g/l·h under the aerobic condition within the initial 12 h.     

有机化学在线课堂教学实践探索

2020年春季学期受到新冠肺炎疫情的影响,全国各地高校的教学工作无法正常开展。我校积极响应教育部提出的"停课不停教、停课不停学"要求,利用"雨课堂"和"腾讯会议"等教学软件对学生进行在线课堂教学。本文以有机化学教学为例,介绍了在线课堂教学的实施过程和教学效果。针对在线课堂教学的特殊性,改变教学模式,确保教学工作正常有序进行。     

Punigratane,a novel pyrrolidine alkaloid from Punica granatum rind with putative efflux inhibition activity

A new pyrrolidine alkaloid named Punigratane was isolated from the rind of Punica granatum. This is the first report of a pyrrolidine-like structure from the rind. The activity of this compound was tested in a representative MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae strain which exhibited high efflux pump activity. At a concentration of 6 mg, this compound Punigratane was found to have efflux inhibition activity.     

Determination of tigecycline in human plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to population pharmacokinetics study in Chinese patients with hospital‐acquired pneumonia

A selective, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of tigecycline (TGC) in human plasma, using tigecycline‐d₉ as an internal standard (IS). Analytical samples were prepared using a protein precipitation method coupled with a concentration process. The analyte and IS were separated on a reversed‐phase Waters Acquity UPLC^® BEH‐C₁₈ column (2.1 × 50 mm i.d., 1.7 μm) with a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of water, containing 0.2% formic acid (v/v) with 10 mm ammonium formate (A) and acetonitrile (B). The mass spectrometer was operated in selected reaction monitoring mode through electrospray ionization ion mode using the transitions of m/z 586.2 → 513.1 and m/z 595.1 → 514.0 for TGC and IS, respectively. The linearity of the method was in the range of 10–5000 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐batch precision (CV) for TGC was <9.27%, and the accuracy ranged from 90.06 to 107.13%. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of samples from hospital‐acquired pneumonia patients treated with TGC, and a validated population pharmacokinetic model was established. This developed method could be useful to predict pharmacokinetics parameters and valuable for further pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics studies.     

Toxicity assessment of chlorophenols using a mediated microbial toxicity assay

While direct toxicity assessment (DTA) is now widely recognised as a useful tool for environmental risk assessment, many existing tests fail to meet end-user needs. This article describes the significant progress made to the MICREDOX® DTA assay, developed at Lincoln Ventures Ltd, brought about by miniaturising this assay to a multi-well plate format combined with limiting current microelectrode transduction. The benefits have been reduced: preparation time, reduced assay time, lower material costs and a higher level of replication achieved. To validate the precision of the miniaturised format, the concentrations required to cause a 50% decrease in signal (EC₅₀) by an archetypal group of toxicants, the chlorophenols, were determined using two terrestrial bacterial strains, Escherichia coli K12 and Klebsiella oxytoca 13183. The assay time was then reduced by stepwise adjustment of the incubation time, from 60 down to 5 min, and the EC₅₀s reported by E. coli to each of the toxicants after 45, 30, 15 and 5 min incubations were determined. The results obtained match closely with those reported by the Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test and confirm the miniaturised multi-well plate MICREDOX® DTA assay reliably reports representative EC₅₀ values for these toxicants. The previously described trends of increasing toxicity with increasing chlorine substitution and the observation that meta-substituted chlorophenols are more toxic than their ortho-substituted counterparts are also confirmed. The ability to monitor toxicity using terrestrial organisms, in volumes amenable to multi-well microtitre plates and incubations requiring only a few minutes, facilitates the rapid generation of highly reproducible, easy to operate and inexpensive DTA measurements.     

Reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol by ethanologenic strains of bacteria and its effect on ethanol production from xylose

The ethanologenic bacteria Escherichia coli strains KO11 and LYO1, and Klebsiella oxytoca strain P2, were investigated for their ability to metabolize furfural. Using high performance liquid chromatography and ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, furfural was found to be completely biotransformed into furfuryl alcohol by each of the three strains with tryptone and yeast extract as sole carbon sources. This reduction appears to be constitutive with NAD(P)H acting as electron donor. Glucose was shown to be an effective source of reducing power. Succinate inhibited furfural reduction, indicating that flavins are unlikely participants in this process. Furfural at concentrations >10 mM decreased the rate of ethanol formation but did not affect the final yield. Insight into the biochemical nature of this furfural reduction process may help efforts to mitigate furfural toxicity during ethanol production by ethanologenic bacteria.     

院内获得性肺炎呼吸道病毒病原分析

目的了解当前小儿院内获得性肺炎（HAP）病毒病原学的状况。方法收集251例HAP的患儿资料,对其中做痰液病毒分离,获得合胞病毒（RSV）、流感病毒、副流感病毒病原学检测阳性结果的病例进行分析。结果251例HAP患儿中141例做了痰液病毒检测,其中阳性67例,病毒检出率为47.52%（67/141）,其中以RSV肺炎最为多见。67例病毒性HAP均以喘息为主要临床表现,多数不发热或低热,少部分可以表现为高热,血常规、CRP基本正常。67例中22例有明确的诱因,其中以使用激素最为多见。67例患儿均治疗有效。结论251例住院患儿中HAP病毒检出以呼吸道合胞病毒为主,预后均良好。     

Variability of the Chemical Composition and Bioactivity between the Essential Oils Isolated from Male and Female Specimens of Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don

Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. is a native species of Ecuador used in traditional medicine for treatment of rheumatism, bronchitis, cold, cough, asthma, bone pain, and stomach pain. In this study, fresh H. racemosum leaves of male and female specimens were collected and subjected to hydrodistillation for the extraction of the essential oil. The chemical composition of male and female essential oil was determined by gas chromatography–gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and coupled to a mass spectrometer using a non-polar and a polar chromatographic column. The antibacterial activity was assayed against five Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria, and two dermatophytes fungi. The scavenging radical properties of the essential oil were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The chemical analysis allowed us to identify forty-three compounds that represent more than 98% of the total composition. In the non-polar and polar column, α-phellandrene was the principal constituent in male (28.24 and 25.90%) and female (26.47 and 23.90%) essential oil. Other main compounds were methyl chavicol, germacrene D, methyl eugenol, and α-pinene. Female essential oil presented a strong activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997) with an minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 μg/mL and a scavenging capacity SC₅₀ of 800 µg/mL.     

呼吸机相关性肺炎患者肺部超声评分与NAMPT、Endocan、NLR的关系

本文探讨了呼吸机相关性肺炎患者肺部超声评分(LUS)与外周血烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)、内皮细胞特异性分子-1(Endocan)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞值(NLR)的关系。选取呼吸机相关性肺炎患者80例(观察组)和非呼吸机相关性肺炎患者40例(对照组),采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测患者外周血NAMPT、Endocan,自动血细胞分析仪检测NLR。分析结果显示,观察组通气24 h、48 h和72 h时NAMPT、Endocan和NLR均高于对照组(P<0.05),此外,观察组死亡患者NAMPT、Endocan、NLR和LUS及变化值高于存活患者(P<0.05),上述指标联合预测患者死亡的AUC值高于各指标单独预测(P<0.05)。说明呼吸机相关性肺炎患者LUS变化与外周血NAMPT、Endocan、NLR呈正相关,联合预测患者预后有一定的应用价值。     

肺部超声、机械功与重症肺炎肺水肿及ARDS关系分析

回顾性选取95例重症肺炎(SP)患者,根据是否发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)分为ARDS组(n=38)、无ARDS组(n=57),比较两组治疗前、治疗24 h后、治疗48 h后肺部超声评分(LUS)、机械功(MP),比较不同LUS评分、MP水平者肺水肿发生率,采用Spearman分析LUS评分、MP与ARDS严重程度关系,采用多因素Logistic回归方程分析ARDS的相关影响因素,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线及ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分析各指标的预测价值。结果显示,ARDS组治疗24 h、48 h后LUS评分、MP高于无ARDS组(P<0.05);LUS评分、MP高水平者肺水肿发生率高于低水平者(P<0.05);治疗24 h、48 h后LUS评分、MP与ARDS发病及其严重程度呈正相关(P<0.05);治疗24 h、48 h后LUS评分联合MP预测ARDS的AUC分别为0.874、0.915(P<0.05)。提示LUS评分、MP有助于反映SP患者肺水肿发生风险,联合上述指标可为临床预测ARDS提供参考。