Negative thermal expansion (NTE) of materials is an intriguing phenomenon challenging the concept of traditional lattice dynamics and of importance for a variety of applications. Progresses in this field develop markedly and update continuously our knowledge on the NTE behavior of materials. In this article, we review the most recent understandings on the underlying mechanisms (anharmonic phonon vibration, magnetovolume effect, ferroelectrorestriction and charge transfer) of thermal shrinkage and the development of NTE materials under each mechanism from both the theoretical and experimental aspects. Besides the low frequency optical phonons which are usually accepted as the origins of NTE in framework structures, NTE driven by acoustic phonons and the interplay between anisotropic elasticity and phonons are stressed. Based on the data documented, some problems affecting applications of NTE materials are discussed and strategies for discovering and design novel framework structured NET materials are also presented. 相似文献
A novel organized multipulse pattern and its birth dynamics under strong optomechanical effect in microfiber-assisted ultrafast fiber laser are investigated in this work. The background pulses are observed to obviously exhibit selectively amplifying self-organized process of evolving into quasi-stable equidistant clusters. The radio frequency spectrum of the multipulse pattern displays a harmonic mode-locking-like behavior with a repetition rate of 2.0138 GHz, corresponding to the frequency of torsional-radial (TR2m) acoustic mode in microfiber. The results show the evidence of optomechanical effect in dominating the birth dynamics and pattern of multipulse. 相似文献
With the development of device engineering and molecular design,organic field effect transistors(OFETs)with high mobility over 10 cm2 V-1-s-1 have been reported.However,the nonideal doubleslope effect has been frequently observed in some of these OFETs,which makes it difficult to extract the intrinsic mobility OFETs accurately,impeding the further application of them.In this review,the origin of the nonideal double-slope effect has been discussed thoroughly,with affecting factors such as contact resistance,charge trapping,disorder effects and coulombic interactions considered.According to these discussions and the understanding of the mechanism behind double-slope effect,several strategies have been proposed to realize ideal OFETs,such as doping,molecular engineering,charge trapping reduction,and contact engineering.After that,some novel devices based on the nonideal double-slope behaviors have been also introduced. 相似文献
As electronic operating frequencies increase toward the terahertz regime, new electrooptic modulators capable of low‐voltage high‐frequency operation must be developed to provide the necessary optical interconnects. This Letter presents a new concept that exploits modulation instability to compensate for the intrinsically weak electrooptic effect, χ(2). Simulations demonstrate more than 50 times enhancement of electrooptic effect at millimeter wave frequencies leading to a substantial reduction in the required modulation voltage.
