天然气的组成与应用

由于我国天然气资源的大量发现以及原油可开采量的减少,利用天然气的技术和规模都获得快速发展,天然气的研究与开发越来越受到人们的关注。本文介绍了天然气的组成与最新的应用进展。     

化学计量学在分析化学中的应用

从化学定量构效关系、模式识别法、人工神经网络、波谱化学、多元校正分析法等方面对化学计量学在分析化学中的应用进行了综述。阐明了化学计量学在分析化学中的作用及广阔的应用前景。     

学史明理 学史增信*——以“奇妙的二氧化碳”教学中的科学史实情境应用为例

以人类认识二氧化碳知识的形成与发展史实为问题线索和教学主线,进行教学情境设计,探索利用科学史知识,从宏观认识上提升学生对二氧化碳性质的理解,促进学生初步建立学习常见物质的基本思路和方法的有效路径,为初中化学教师教学提供参考借鉴。     

膜进样质谱技术及其应用

膜进样质谱（MIMS）具有简单、快速和高灵敏等优点,在现场检测中的应用日益广泛。该技术利用半透膜将目标化合物从复杂的气相、液相体系中选择性分离后进入质谱进行分析检测。由于其可在不经色谱分离和样品前处理条件下实现复杂实际样品的分析,特别适合于现场应用。该文综述了膜进样质谱的原理和主要组成,重点论述了膜进样-单光子软电离质谱方面的技术进展以及膜进样质谱在环境、生态学、生命科学、生物等领域的应用进展。最后,对膜进样质谱今后的发展趋势进行了总结和展望。     

一种纳米蜡乳液的制备及应用研究

研究了一种纳米蜡乳液的制备方法。通过测试证明该体系稳定,得到平均粒径为57.6nm大小的纳米蜡乳液,可代替各种行业中使用的普通蜡乳液,如皮革[1]、纺织[2]、造纸[3][4]等行业·     

卟啉及金属卟啉的应用

卟啉和金属卟啉类化合物在仿生化学、催化、太阳能利用、特种材料、医学和分析化学等方面有着越来越重要的作用和应用。本文作一简单介绍。     

浅谈Beckmann重排反应在有机合成中的应用

本文讨论了Beckmann重排反应的机理以及酮肟的几何异构、催化剂的选择及溶剂对产物的收率和酰胺异构体比例的影响,并介绍了此重排反应在有机合成上的应用。     

人工神经网络研究进展及其在光谱分析中的应用

介绍最常用的人工神经网络——BP神经网络的原理、结构及其研究进展,评述了人工神经网络在光谱分析中的应用。     

State-of-the-art of membrane bioreactors: Worldwide research and commercial applications in North America

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is advancing rapidly around the world both in research and commercial applications. Despite the increasing number of studies and full-scale applications of MBR systems, directions and trends in academic research as well as commercial developments require further analysis. This paper aims to critically characterize and review worldwide academic research efforts in the area of MBRs as well as focus attention to commercial MBR applications in North America. A total of 339 research papers published in peer-reviewed international journals from 1991 to 2004 and a total of 258 full-scale MBR installations in North America were used as the database for the analysis provided in this paper. After a surge of MBR publications in 2002, research appears to have reached a plateau in the last 3 years using both submerged and external MBR units. Although much of the pioneering research occurred in Japan, France and the UK, countries such as South Korea, China and Germany have significantly contributed to the research pool in the last 5 years. The primary research focus has been on water filtration MBRs with limited growth in extractive and gas diffusion MBRs which still hold un-tapped potential. Fundamental aspects studied in academic research predominantly involve issues related to fouling, microbial characterization and optimizing operational performance. Research in North America presents a unique picture as a higher ratio of industrial wastewater treatment and side-stream MBR applications have been studied compared to other parts of the world. For MBR commercial application, the North America installations constitute about 11% of worldwide installations. Zenon occupies the majority of the MBR market in North America, whereas Kubota and Mitsubishi-Rayon have a larger number of installations in other parts of the world. Due to more stringent regulations and water reuse strategies, it is expected that a significant increase in MBR plant capacity and widening of application areas will occur in the future. Potential application areas include nitrate removal in drinking water treatment, removal of endocrine disrupting compounds from water and wastewater streams, enhancing bio-fuels production via membrane assisted fermentation and gas extraction and purification MBRs.     

0.6~T人体核磁共振成象及其图象的彩色化处理

在0.6~τ超导磁体人体核磁共振成象设备上获得了横断、矢状、冠状各种断层的成象。采用了直接两维傅里叶变换成象方法,应用了自旋回波脉冲序列。由于人体心脏跳动和呼吸运动会造成图象模糊而使用心电延迟触发及呼吸门控方法。作者用一种相位调制光密度分割的方法将原始黑白灰度表示的核磁共振成象进行彩色化处理。提高了原图象低密度梯度区的清晰度,为进行医学图象诊断及判读解译提供了方便度。山了光学系统图,解释了光学信息处理方法。由所处理的人体核磁共振成象图片可以看出,在低密度梯给区更易辨认。参考文献10种。