双水相提取新疆圆柏果实中的总黄酮及抑制亚硝化反应的研究

本文采用超声集成丙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系提取新疆圆柏果实中总黄酮,并用分光光度法测定其含量。探讨了丙醇-硫酸铵双水相(醇-水)体系的形成及提取条件对总黄酮得率的影响,得到的最优条件为:醇-水比0.8∶1,硫酸铵的量8g,料液比1∶50;超声时间40min。结果表明,该方法可有效地从新疆圆柏实中提取总黄酮,在最优条件下提取率为11.33mg/g。在此条件下,圆柏果实总黄酮提取液对亚硝化反应的抑制能力接近抗坏血酸。     

A New Lignan,Formosanol, from Juniperus Formosana

A new lignan, formosanol, has been isolated from Juniperus formosana Hayata and elucidated as formula (5a) by spectra and chemical evidences.     

A pair of new atropisomeric cupressuflavone glucosides isolated from Juniperus communis var. depressa

A pair of new atropisomers, (M)- and (P)-cupressuflavone 4′-O-β-d-glucoside, were isolated from Juniperus communis var. depressa, and their absolute structures and axial configurations were determined using 2D NMR and circular dichroism. These are the first reported stable (M)- and (P)-isomers of cupressuflavone glucosides isolated from natural sources.     

Innate Immunomodulatory Activity of Cedrol,a Component of Essential Oils Isolated from Juniperus Species

Little is known about the immunomodulatory activity of essential oils isolated from Juniperus species. Thus, we isolated essential oils from the cones and leaves of eight juniper species found in Montana and in Kazakhstan, including J. horizontalis, J. scopolorum, J. communis, J. seravschanica, J. sabina, J. pseudosabina, J. pseudosabina subsp. turkestanica, and J. sibirica. We report here the chemical composition and innate immunomodulatory activity of these essential oils. Compositional analysis of the 16 samples of Juniper essential oils revealed similarities and differences between our analyses and those previously reported for essential oils from this species. Our studies represent the first analysis of essential oils isolated from the cones of four of these Juniper species. Several essential oil samples contained high levels of cedrol, which was fairly unique to three Juniper species from Kazakhstan. We found that these essential oils and pure (+)-cedrol induced intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization in human neutrophils. Furthermore, pretreatment of human neutrophils and N-formyl peptide receptor 1 and 2 (FPR1 and FPR2) transfected HL60 cells with these essential oils or (+)-cedrol inhibited agonist-induced Ca²⁺ mobilization, suggesting these responses were desensitized by this pretreatment. In support of this conclusion, pretreatment with essential oils from J. seravschanica cones (containing 16.8% cedrol) or pure (+)-cedrol inhibited human neutrophil chemotaxis to N-formyl peptide. Finally, reverse pharmacophore mapping predicted several potential kinase targets for cedrol. Thus, our studies have identified cedrol as a novel neutrophil agonist that can desensitize cells to subsequent stimulation by N-formyl peptide.     

Biological Activity of Essential Oils of Four Juniper Species and Their Potential as Biopesticides

The objective of this study was to assess the biological activity of essential oils (EOs) of four Juniperus species obtained via two different distillation methods and their potential as biopesticides. The studied factors were juniper species (Juniperus communis L., J. oxycedrus L., J. pygmaea C. Koch., and J. sibirica Burgsd), plant sex (male (M) and female (F)), and distillation method (hydrodistillation via a standard Clevenger apparatus (ClevA) and semi-commercial (SCom) steam distillation). The hypothesis was that the EO will have differential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activities as a function of plant species, plant sex, and distillation method. The two distillation methods resulted in similar EO composition within a given species. However, there were differences in the EO content (yield) due to the sex of the plant, and also differences in the proportions of some EO components. The concentration of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, δ-cadinene and δ-cadinol was dissimilar between the EO of M and F plants within all four species. Additionally, M and F plants of J. pygmaea, and J. sibirica had significantly different concentrations of sabinene within the respective species. The EOs obtained via ClevA extraction showed higher antioxidant capacity within a species compared with those from SCom extraction. All of the tested EOs had significant repellent and insecticidal activity against the two aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi (bird cherry-oat aphid) and Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid) at concentrations of the EO in the solution of 1%, 2.5%, and 5%. The tested EOs demonstrated moderate activity against selected pathogens Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum spp., Rhizoctonia solani and Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum. The results demonstrate that the standard ClevA would provide comparable EO content and composition in comparison with SCom steam distillation; however, even slight differences in the EO composition may translate into differential bioactivity.     

Flavonoids of Juniperus zeravschanica

Isoquercitrin and the new flavonglycoside zeravschanoside, 5,6,8,3',4'-pentahydroxy-7-O--D-glucopyranosylflavone, the structure of which was established from chemical transformations and spectral data, were isolated fromJuniperuszeravschanica Kom