杭州湾跨海大桥道路交通流的建模与模拟

在杭州湾跨海大桥道路交通流实测数据统计分析的基础上, 提出了开放式边界的单向三车道元胞自动机交通流模型, 考虑了小车和大车的不同运动性能, 并区分激进型司机与谨慎型司机的不同驾驶特征, 根据杭州湾跨海大桥不同时段的实测车流量, 对模型中开放式边界的进车率进行了识别. 依据提出的模型模拟得到杭州湾跨海大桥路段不同密度时的车流量, 经与实测数据比较, 两者吻合良好, 表明本文提出的交通流模型符合杭州湾跨海大桥交通流的实际情况. 同时, 通过展示车辆的时空演化图, 从微观的角度分析了杭州湾跨海大桥路面交通流所表现出的宏观特征, 有望为杭州湾跨海大桥的交通优化与管理提供理论依据.     

三亚鹿回头海域盾形陀螺珊瑚和精巧扁脑珊瑚反射率光谱分析

为了进一步深入研究不同形状和不同颜色珊瑚的光谱特征,选择三亚湾鹿回头海域两种常见造礁石珊瑚(褐色片状珊瑚：盾形陀螺珊瑚(Turbinaria peltata)和蓝灰色块状珊瑚：精巧扁脑珊瑚(Platygyra daeda))为样本进行测量和分析。于2015年7月22日上午采集两种珊瑚样品各7组。样品块大小~6 cm,并将其暂养于中国科学院海南热带海洋生物重点实验站岸基实验室珊瑚养殖缸,养殖缸内水温控制在~26 ℃。待样品块暂养≥4小时后用光纤光谱仪测量其反射率,光谱采集条件为无云遮挡的晴天。所用光纤光谱仪(海洋光学USB2000+),波段为200～850 nm,光谱分辨率1.34 nm,步长0.6 nm,视场角为25°。珊瑚样品置于缸内的平台上,过滤后恒温~26 ℃的海水持续注入以保证缸内水温恒定;多余的海水自动从养殖缸上壁溢出以排除因光线折射入水体后引起的“汇聚现象”;养殖缸内壁采用黑色尼龙布贴壁,以避免玻璃缸壁光线反射对测量结果的影响。光纤光谱仪的探头与样品间距保持在5 cm,每个样品重复测量10次取平均值以代表该样品的光谱反射率。测量光源为太阳光,每次测量前校正一次光谱仪,选用可见光波段的反射率光谱进行数据分析。反射率光谱导数分析可以放大光谱间的差异,四阶导数光谱法在提高检测灵敏度、改善分辨率和加强抗干扰力等方面具有独特的优点,故此对所测珊瑚光谱反射率数据进行反射率光谱数据一阶导数、二阶导数和四阶导数分析,根据盾形陀螺珊瑚和精巧扁脑珊瑚反射率光谱导数之间的差异确定两种珊瑚光谱的敏感可区分波段。分析结果发现,可见光范围内两种珊瑚反射率差异明显;后者反射率光谱明显高于前者,仅~700 nm出现类似较高反射率。盾形陀螺珊瑚反射率介于4%～15%之间,波峰和波谷明显。400～450 nm反射率相对较低约为4%～5%;480 nm后急升至~10%,502,578,604和652 nm附近为明显波峰;随后激增至700 nm的~36%。精巧扁脑珊瑚反射率介于6%～16%之间;400～420 nm波长附近反射率值相对较低,为~6%;420～470 nm急剧升高至~15%,486 nm附近出现宽大波峰,为该珊瑚的特征峰;486,577,607和650 nm处也存在四个明显波峰;随后剧增至700 nm的~37%。光谱反射率导数分析结果表明盾形陀螺珊瑚和精巧扁脑珊瑚可区分波段为：一阶导数483.7～492.6,496.2～500和533.5～540.5 nm。二阶导数414～422.7,499.4～504,520.2～523.3,534.2～536.6,557.5～561和671.8～675 nm。四阶导数414～417.6,427.4～430.3,433.4～436.5,452.3～455.5和657.1～659.1 nm。     

厦门湾溶解有机物的三维荧光光谱特征及其来源解析

利用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析(EEM-PARAFAC)技术,研究了2009年春、秋季厦门湾有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的荧光组分特征,并利用主成分分析方法对影响该海域CDOM分布的主控因素及其相对贡献进行了解析。厦门湾CDOM中含有3个类腐殖质荧光组分(C1,C2和C5)及2个类蛋白质组分(C3和C4)。所有类腐殖质组分之间、以及所有类蛋白质组分之间均有很好的相关性,表明同一类型的荧光组分具有相似的来源属性及地球化学行为。类腐殖质组分的高值区分布在九龙江河口区上游,而类蛋白质组分的高值区则位于厦门西海域北部,低值区都位于东部的厦金海域。排污口附近的局部海域存在污染输入的贡献。对荧光组分进行的主成分分析结果显示,陆源径流输入是厦门湾水体中CDOM荧光组分的主要来源;海区现场生物活动的贡献不大。这表明对PARAFAC识别的荧光组分进行主成分分析,有助于实现对水环境中CDOM的不同来源及其相对贡献率的定量解析。     

Detection of Supernova Neutrinos on the Earth for Large θ_(13)

Supernova （SN） neutrinos detected on the Earth are subject to the shock wave effects, the Mikheyev- Smirnov-Wolfenstein （MSW） effects, the neutrino collective effects and the Earth matter effects. Considering the recent experimental result about the large mixing angle 013 （-8.8°） provided by the Daya Bay Collaboration and applying the available knowledge for the neutrino conversion probability in the high resonance region of SN, PH , which is in the form of hypergeometric function in the case of large 813, we deduce the expression of PH taking into account the shock wave effects. It is found that PH is not zero in a certain range of time due to the shock wave effects. After considering all the four physical effects and scanning relevant parameters, we calculate the event numbers of SN neutrinos for the ＂Garehing＂ distribution of neutrino energy spectrum. From the numerical results, it is found that the behaviors of neutrino event numbers detected on the Earth depend on the neutrino mass hierarchy and neutrino spectrum parameters including the dimensionless pinching parameter βa （where a refers to neutrino flavor）, the average energy 〈Ea〉, and the SN neutrino luminosities La. Finally, we give the ranges of SN neutrino event numbers that will be detected at the Daya Bay experiment.     

Study of RPC gas composition using Daya Bay RPCs

This study uses Daya Bay RPCs operating in streamer mode to investigate gas mixtures of at least 50% argon,at most 6% isobutane,and with small amounts of SF6.Isobutane is reduced to 2% without degradation of performance,and SF6 reduces the noise rate and current,as well as the signal size.This study provides quantitative relationships between basic RPC operating parameters and various gas compositions.     

Variations of δ15N-Values and Hydrolyzable Amino Acids in Settling Particles in the Ocean

Abstract

The modification of nitrogen isotopic signals during particle sedimentation in the sea is of great interest for the use of sedimentary δ¹⁵N-values as a paleoceanographic tool. The effect of organic matter degradation on such modification was studied by analyzing nitrogen, hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA) and δ¹⁵N-values in a suit of marine settling particles collected from the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean, by using time-series sediment traps, and in underlying sediments. The flux of settling particles showed temporal variations which are related to the monsoons, the major climatic feature of this marine region. During high flux periods settling particles are enriched in nitrogenous material that is less degraded and exhibit higher δ¹⁵N-values than particles showing characteristics of degradation. At the sediment surface more than 95% of the settling particulate nitrogen is lost and the δ¹⁵N-values of the residual sedimentary nitrogen are higher than those of settling particles. The observed increase is interpreted to be due to fractionation during degradation of organic matter.     

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Pollutants or Indicators of Fish Stock Structure

Abstract

Chlorinated hydrocarbons are used in industry for many purposes. They are ubiquitous in the environment. Being soluble in lipids, they tend to accumulate in living organisms and consequently in the food chain. In an attempt to identify the herring stock units (Clupea harengus harengus) present in the St. Lawrence Estuary and the Chaleur Bay, we have measured the degree of contamination by some organochlorinated compounds, of herrings fished in both locations. The purpose of the study is to establish the presence of many discrete stocks units or of only one homogeneous stock brought about by large scale straying of individuals from one group to another. Adult herrings are thought to migrate to spawning areas in spring or autumn depending on whether they were born in spring or autumn. The juveniles are believed to remain close to where they were born for about three years before they join their parent stock migrations. If one area is contaminated by chlorinated pesticides, these products will accumulate in the herring fat and could possibly be used for fingerprinting if straying is negligible. The data obtained indicate that the populations studied are marked by their environment and that they probably have their own life cycle and their own migration pattern. A study of the genetic structure of these herring populations is being concurrently made.     

固相微萃取-气质联用测定胶州湾海水中有机锡化合物

采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术测定了胶州湾海水中有机锡的含量.样品用4%的四乙基硼化钠(NaBEt4)进行衍生,同时用PDMS纤维进行萃取,萃取富集后,用气质联用仪进行测定.通过分析,该方法中MBT的线性范围为10～1000ng/L,DBT和TBT的线性范围为50～1000ng/L,相对标准偏差低于14.0%,回收率在70.0%～125.0%之间,检出限低于12.5ng/L;通过所建立的方法对胶州湾海水中有机锡的污染现状进行了调查,发现胶州湾海水中存在不同程度的有机锡污染.     

Effect of open boundary condition on numerical simulation of three-dimensional hydrothermal behavior of Biscayne Bay,Florida

A three-dimensional time dependent free-surface model has been used to simulate the velocity and temperature distributions in Biscayne Bay, an estuarine basin in South Florida. Comparisons with tide gauge data and airborne infrared temperature data have been made. Analyses of three-dimensional velocity structure, phase relationships of velocity with depth and horizontal location have been conducted. One of the major concerns with three-dimensional models is the specification of conditions at open-boundaries, since it is rare that complete time dependent variations of variables at these boundaries are available. Two sets of approximate boundary conditions at the Biscayne Bay-Atlantic Ocean interface have been used for computations. It was found that specification of averaged surface height variation at open boundaries yield significantly better results than specification of estimated values of velocity.