Getting rid of NaBH4: Gold seeds reduced by air-stable agents for synthesizing quasi one-dimensional gold nanoparticles

Herein, we have presented a novel and easy to operate seed-mediated system for fabricating gold bipyramids (AuBPs) with 85% yields without any separation/purification processes. The used gold seeds are reduced by tannin and citrate, two kinds of air stable ligands, and conventionally employed unstable NaBH₄ are thoroughly cast off. In addition, the as-proposed gold seeds can also be employed for AuNRs fabrication with rather larger diameters (22.2–60.3 nm), which is difficult to be achieved by conventional seed mediated fabrication system.     

Anlage zur drahtlosen Impuls-Übertragung bei Kernstrahlungsmessungen

Die Anwendung von Radioisotopen unter den Bedingungen der Technik erfordert häufig die Übertragung von Meβsignalen zwischen Meβpunkt und Meßeinrichtungen, wobei mitunter einige hundert Meter überbrückt werden müssen. Da direkte Kabelverbindungen meist nicht möglich sind, wurden am Institut für Arbeitsmaschinen an der Technischen Hochschule in Poznań drahtlose Impulsübertragungen der Meβsignale versucht und unter Praxisbedingungen eingesetzt.

Es werden die Konstruktion, die Arbeitsweise und die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Signalübertragungen dargestellt.     

Enhancement of ultrasound-assisted extraction of sulforaphane from broccoli seeds via the application of microwave pretreatment

In this study, microwave pretreatment and grinding treatment were used to enhance sulforaphane formation, then ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to extract sulforaphane using simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction method. The effects of various parameters, which were ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, solid-water ratio and solid-ethyl acetate ratio on the extraction rate of sulforaphane were investigated. The results showed that microwave pretreatment enhanced sulforaphane formation. Excessive size reduction did not increase or even reduced extraction rate of sulforaphane. Simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction significantly increased extraction rate of sulforaphane compared to hydrolysis followed by extraction. UAE accelerated mass transfer and the solubilization of the targeted compounds due to the acoustic cavitation effect, thus enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphanin and the extraction rate of sulforaphane. The extraction rate of sulforaphane using UAE with simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction was 4.07-fold of the conventional extraction method. UAE was an effective method to extract sulforaphane from broccoli seeds since it led to higher yield of sulforaphane in a much shorter extraction time.     

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and adsorption separation: Large-scale preparation of trans-ε-Viniferin,suffruficosol B and trans-Gnetin H for the first time

In this study, a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the large-scale extraction, enrichment, and separation of suffruticosol B (SB), trans-ε-Viniferin (TV), trans-gnetin H (TG) from oil tree peony seeds shell (PSS) was successfully constructed. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), macroporous adsorption resin (MAR), and column chromatography (CC) were employed to extract, enrich and separate SB, TV and TG from PSS, and the conditions were optimized. The results implied that SB (1.6937 g), TV (0.5884 g) and TG (3.8786 g) with the purity of 99.67 %, 99.32 % and 98.54 %, respectively, were obtained after the extraction, enrichment and separation. The total yields of the SB, TV and TG were 0.61 mg/g, 0.02 mg/g and 6.64 mg/g with the total extraction rates at 70.55 %, 69.77 % and 78.36 %, respectively. This is the first report on the large-scale extraction, enrichment and separation of oligostilbenes. The SOP in this paper could produce high purity SB, TV and TG, and provide a new idea for PSS as a new oligostilbene resource. The study expands the new development and research field of PSS and provides theoretical support for the green utilization of oil tree peony.     

Quantitative determination of bioactive alkaloids lysergol and chanoclavine in Ipomoea muricata by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

A rapid, simple, sensitive, gradient and reproducible, reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the quantitative estimation of bioactive alkaloids, lysergol and chanoclavine in the seeds of Ipomoea muricata. The clavine alkaloid, lysergol, is a bioenhancer for the drugs and nutrients. The samples were analyzed by reverse‐phase chromatography on a Waters spherisorb ODS2 column (250 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 10 µm) using binary gradient elution with acetonitrile and 0.01 m phosphate buffer (NaH₂PO₄) containing 0.1% glacial acetic acid at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, a column temperature of 25 °C and UV detection at λ 254 nm. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.035 and 0.106 µg/mL for lysergol and 0.039 and 0.118 µg/mL for chanoclavine, respectively. Standard curves were linear in the range of 2–10 µg/mL (r > 99) for both analytes. Good results were achieved with respect to repeatability (RSD < 2%) and recovery (99.20–102.0). The method was validated for linearity, accuracy repeatability, LOQ and LOD. The method is simple, accurate and precise, and may be recommended for routine quality control analysis of I. muricata seed extracts containing these two clavine alkaloids (1, 2) as bioactive principles of the herb. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于近红外光谱的杂交水稻种子发芽率测试研究

现阶段水稻种子发芽率测试仍然按照传统的农作物种子发芽技术规定进行发芽试验,此方法存在试验周期长、成本高、专业性要求高等缺点,本研究提出一种基于近红外光谱技术的快速、无损测试杂交水稻种子发芽率的新方法。采用人工老化方法在温度45 ℃、湿度100%的条件下分别老化处理2个品种杂交水稻种子0,24,48,72,96,120,144 h;用近红外光谱仪分别采集2个品种不同老化时间段杂交水稻种子光谱数据共280份,随机分成校正集(168份)和检验集(112份);测试不同老化时间段的水稻种子发芽率;以偏最小二乘算法(PLS)建立了回归模型,分析不同光谱波段和比较不同光谱预处理方法对模型精度的影响。2个品种的水稻种子光谱数据采用全波段和标准化＋正交信号校正预处理时模型最优,模型校正集决定系数(R_C)与验证集相关系数(R_P)分别为0.965和0.931,校正标准误差(SEC)与预测标准误差(SEP)分别为1.929和2.899,验证集预测值与真实值之间的相对误差在4.2%以内。研究结果表明利用近红外光谱分析技术进行杂交水稻种子发芽率的快速无损检测是可行的。     

Elemental analysis of traditional medicinal seeds by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Traditional medicinal seeds prescribed for specific treatment purposes, were purchased from local markets and analyzed by INAA. The samples were irradiated at Es-Salam research reactor, at a power of 5 MW for 6 h. The accuracy of the method was established by analyzing reference materials. Twenty elements were measured, with good accuracy and reproducibility. The concentration of elements determined, was found to vary depending on the seeds. The daily intake of essential and toxic elements was determined, and compared with the recommended values. The probable cumulative intake of toxic elements is well below the tolerance limits.     

基于联合偏度的高光谱图像波段选择对玉米种子分类研究

高光谱图像技术是在种子识别领域广泛应用的农产品品质无损检测方法。特征信息的充分提取和最优波段的选择是影响高光谱图像技术种子鉴选在线应用的关键因素。目的在于利用联合偏度算法选择高光谱图像的最优波段,用于开发在线的种子分级系统。论文利用高光谱图像采集系统获取10类共960粒玉米种子在438～1 000 nm(共219个波段)波段范围内的高光谱图像,并提取了种子高光谱图像的平均光谱、图像熵特征。利用联合偏度算法选择了高光谱图像的最优波段,分别建立了基于平均光谱、图像熵、平均光谱和图像熵联合特征条件下的支持向量机种子分类模型,比较不同特征下分类模型的识别精度。实验结果表明：无论是全波段分类模型,还是建立在最优波段基础上的分类模型,利用平均光谱和图像熵联合特征获得的分类精度均高于平均光谱和图像熵两种单一特征模型。在10个最优波段条件下,联合特征分类模型的识别精度达到了96.28%,比光谱均值和图像熵的识别精度分别提高了4.30%和20.38%,也高于全波段联合特征识别模型的93.47%。利用联合特征建立玉米种子分类模型时,基于联合偏度的波段选择算法的分类精度要高于无信息变量消除法、连续投影算法和竞争性自适应重加权算法。该研究为种子高光谱图像识别技术的在线运用提供了可行的途径。     

Distribution of Triterpenoids and Steroids in Developing Rugosa Rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) Accessory Fruit

Triterpenoids and steroids are considered to be important for the fruit quality and health-promoting properties for the consumers. The aim of the study was the determination of the changes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis and the accumulation in hypanthium and achenes of rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) hip during fruit development and ripening at three different phenological stages (young fruits, fully developed unripe fruits, and matured fruits). Triterpenoids and steroids were also determined in the peel and the pulp of the matured hips. The obtained results indicated that the distribution of the analyzed compounds in different fruit tissues is a selective process. The increased rate of hydroxylation of triterpenoids, the deposition of hydroxylated acids in fruit surface layer, and the continuous biosynthesis of phytosterols in achenes versus its gradual repression in hypanthium accompanied by the accumulation of their biosynthetic intermediates and ketone derivatives seem to be characteristic metabolic features of maturation of rugosa rose accessory fruit. These observations, apart from providing the important data on metabolic modifications occurring in developing fruits, might have a practical application in defining fruit parts, particularly rich in bioactive constituents, to enable the development of novel functional products.     

小麦种子自然老化程度的近红外光谱无损识别

应用近红外光谱技术无损分析小麦种子短期自然老化过程中主要化学成分的变化趋势,并结合支持向量机建立快速判别小麦种子自然老化程度的分析模型。本实验应用VERTEX 70傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,以大样品杯旋转采样方式跟踪采集了45份小麦种子在自然老化初期、4个月、7个月、9个月的近红外光谱。标准差可以用来表征数据离散程度,因此本实验通过计算每份样本在4个自然老化阶段的光谱标准差来筛选与自然老化时间显著相关的谱区。为避免单个样本由于偶然因素导致的离散度值异常,实验统计了45份样本的光谱标准差均值,根据均值光谱得到如下谱峰：8 362,6 950,7 563,5 319,4 998和4 478 cm-1处。解析谱峰所在区域对应的化学基团归属可得：6 950 cm-1处对应的是液态水中O-H伸缩振动的一级倍频且该处离散度值较大,因此小麦种子在短期自然老化阶段中水分变化较为显著;5 319,4 998和4 478 cm-1处离散度值较6 950 cm-1处小,对应的是蛋白质仲酰胺、伯酰胺和酰胺的合频和倍频信息,因此蛋白质变化较水分而言相对平缓;8 362和7 563 cm-1处反映的主要是C-H振动的二级倍频信息且离散度值较大,而种子中蛋白质、淀粉等均具有C-H官能团,因此蛋白和淀粉等成分综合变化较为显著。在上述分析基础上,本文采用多分类支持向量机结合近红外光谱建立快速识别小麦种子四种自然老化程度的定性模型。将180份样本光谱按照3∶1随机抽取135个样本作为训练集,其余样本作为测试集。选择核函数为径向基函数,通过网格搜索法进行参数寻优得到惩罚参数为8,核参数为0.008 974 2时,训练集和测试集的识别正确率可达99.26％和99.78％。实验结果表明：近红外光谱技术结合支持向量机可快速判别小麦种子短期自然老化程度,为种子贮藏过程中生理特性变化的无损监测及开发利用提供便捷的检测手段。