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61.
Taking soil colloid and hydrated silica (quartz sand) as the experimental material, the comparative study has been made on the kinetics of ion diffusion and ion exchange in charged colloid and charged coarse disperse systems. The results showed that ion exchange kinetics in the two systems conform to the kinetic law of ion diffusion. Besides, through this comparative study on the kinetics of ion exchange and ion diffusion, a method has been advanced theoretically to estimate the quantity of adsorbed ion that is located in the inner of the Helmholtz layer. As far as hydrated silica is concerned , there were about 33 per cent of the total adsorbed quantity of Mg2+that were located in the inner of the Helmholtz layer under the given experimental conditions, bu tfor soil colloid the percentage was only 7.5. 相似文献
62.
Titanosilicates with complete or partial substitution of Ge or Nb in the framework and having the mineral pharmacosiderite topology were hydrothermally prepared and their ion-exchange properties towards Cs were studied for Ti/Ge/Si, Ti/Si, Nb/Ti/Si and pure Ge phases. The basis for the differences in the ion exchange properties measured as distribution coefficients (Kd) for these materials are detailed via structural characterization using the Rietveld refinement technique on the X-ray powder diffraction data. The differences in affinity towards Cs+ result either from the degree of hydration of the exchanger resulting in different coordination environments or the position of cesium ion in the eight-ring channel. 相似文献
63.
《Electroanalysis》2004,16(24):2009-2021
The popularity of contactless conductivity detection in capillary electrophoresis has been growing steadily over the last few years. Improvements have been made in the design of the detector in order to facilitate its handling, to allow easy incorporation into available instruments or to achieve higher sensitivity. The understanding of its fundamental working principles has been advanced and the detection approach has also been transferred to lab‐on‐chip devices. The range of applications has been extended greatly from the initial work on small inorganic ions to include organic species and biomolecules. Concurrent determination of cations and anions by dual injection from opposite ends has been demonstrated as well as sample introduction by using flow‐injection systems for easy automation of the process. 相似文献
64.
The interaction energy of a [Au{C(NHMe)2}2]+ ... [Au{C(NHMe)2}2]+ dimer is investigated using the MP2 method and the LANL2DZ basis set when isolated or embedded in ionic an [Au{C(NHMe)2}2]2anion2 aggregate, a good model for the environment that these dimers feel in ionic crystals. A repulsive interaction energy is obtained when the dimer is isolated. However, it is possible to find short AuI ... AuI separations in [Au{C(NHMe)2}2]2anion2 aggregates, because in these aggregates the sum of the cation ... anion interactions overweight the sum of the cation ... cation plus anion...anion interactions. This explains why short AuI ... AuI separations are found in ionic crystals. The AuI ... AuI interaction found in [Au{C(NHMe)2}2]2 anion2 aggregates shows the same features observed in energetically stable dimers presenting AuI... AuI bonds. This makes appropriate to use the name counterion-mediated bonds for the AuI... AuI interactions found in [Au{C(NHMe)2}2]2 anion2 aggregates and ionic crystals. 相似文献
65.
Dodds ED Kennish JM Von Hippel FA Bernhardt R Hines ME 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2004,379(5-6):881-887
The perchlorate anion (ClO
4
–
) is an anthropogenic contaminant of increasing concern in water supplies, and has been shown to disrupt thyroid activity. Most perchlorate analyses are currently carried out by ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed conductivity detection (SCD). While this procedure has been demonstrated to provide acceptable performance for analysis of water samples, the determination of perchlorate in high-conductivity aqueous extracts of plant or animal material is not readily accomplished by IC-SCD unless lengthy cleanup protocols are applied. With the addition of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to IC, it was hypothesized that the interference imposed by various ionic species could be significantly reduced without the need for purification; however, the analysis of perchlorate in relatively unpurified extracts of biologically derived homogenates by IC-ESI-MS has not previously been described in the literature. The research presented here represents a comparison of the capabilities of IC-SCD and IC-ESI-MS to detect perchlorate in reagent water and in crude extracts of perchlorate-exposed fish (threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus). ESI-MS was found to compare favorably to SCD for the detection of perchlorate in deionized water, and to exceed SCD performance in perchlorate analysis of fish-derived extracts. 相似文献
66.
一种新的磷酸根离子敏感电极研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
一种新的磷酸根离子敏感电极研究肖丹,俞汝勤,李军,袁孔铨(湖南大学化学化工系,长沙,410082)关键词磷酸根,离子选择电极,磷酸二氢根磷酸根离子浓度的测定在化学化工、环境保护、生命科学和临床医学等领域有着重要的意义。对磷酸根离子敏感电极的研究和探索... 相似文献
67.
68.
本文研究并探讨了NK-ELN型离子交换树脂在再生贮氢合金材料包覆液过程中,温度、流速、溶液中离子浓度等条件对树脂交换容量和再生效率的影响,为树脂法再生贮氢合金材料包覆液工艺的制定,提供了一系列重要参数。 相似文献
69.
A stochastic (Monte Carlo) simulation is used to investigate thermodynamic and kinetic contributions from the reversible A <--> B reaction in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The effects of equilibrium constant, rate constant, and electrophoretic mobility on the molecular zone profiles and the corresponding statistical moments are evaluated. As the reaction approaches steady state, the velocity of the zone is governed by the equilibrium constant and the electrophoretic mobilities of the reacting molecules. When the equilibrium constant is less than unity, the mean zone velocity is more similar to that of the reactant A. Conversely, when the equilibrium constant is greater than unity, the velocity is more similar to that of the product B. The extent of zone-broadening and asymmetry at steady state is dependent upon the equilibrium constant, the characteristic reaction lifetime, and the electrophoretic mobility difference between reacting molecules. If all other parameters are held constant, the plate height is greatest and skew is least when the equilibrium constant is unity. The plate height increases linearly with the characteristic reaction lifetime and electrophoretic mobility difference, whereas the skew is independent of these parameters. These conclusions have important implications for the elucidation of thermodynamic and kinetic information from experimental data. 相似文献
70.
Tatiana Y. Shvareva 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(2):499-504
Single crystals of the potassium uranyl iodate, K[UO2(IO3)3] (1), have been grown under mild hydrothermal conditions. The structure of 1 contains two-dimensional sheets extending in the [ab] plane that consist of approximately linear UO22+ cations bound by iodate anions to yield UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are three crystallographically unique iodate anions, two of which bridge between uranyl cations to create sheets, and one that is monodentate and protrudes in between the layers in cavities. K+ cations form long ionic contacts with oxygen atoms from the layers forming an eight-coordinate distorted dodecahedral geometry. These cations join the sheets together. Ion-exchange reactions have been carried out that indicate the selective uptake of Cs+ over Na+ or K+ by 1. Crystallographic data (193 K, MoKα, ): 1, orthorhombic, Pbca, a=11.495(1) Å, b=7.2293(7) Å, c=25.394(2) Å, Z=8, R(F)=1.95% for 146 parameters with 2619 reflections with I>2σ(I). 相似文献