Optimization for high precision Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor

A comprehensive noise model about digital camera which is a main component of SHWFS is constructed, including the readout noise, the photon shot noise, the quantization noise and the response un-uniformity. Based on the noise model, the spot centroid errors caused by each kind of noise are analyzed, respectively. And then the synthetic error from all the noise is calculated. The result demonstrates that the limit of the spot centroid accuracy is 1% pixels. At last, the crossing error caused by the high order diffraction spots is analyzed. It is approximately proportional to the secondary spots number. So the structure of the microlens array must be optimized together with the digital camera when designing SHWFS.     

Optimization of photonic bandgap fiber long period grating refractive-index sensors

Long period gratings in low-index contrast solid-core photonic bandgap fibers are a promising platform for fiber-based fluid refractive index sensing with very low detection limits. We provide a comprehensive investigation of the possibilities for refractive index sensing using that principle in a commercial photonic crystal fiber filled with a fluid: using an acoustic grating, we map out the cladding bands, and use this data to optimize a long period grating’s sensitivity. We then implement the optimized long period grating, again using an acoustic grating, and directly measure its sensitivity to refractive index. We demonstrate a sensitivity of 17,900 nm/RIU (6.94 nm/°C) which corresponds to a smallest detectable index change of the fluid of 8.4 × 10⁻⁶.     

A multi-parameter optical fiber sensor with interrogation and discrimination capabilities

A multi-parameter and multi-function, but low-cost, optical fiber grating sensor with self-interrogation and self-discrimination capabilities is presented theoretically and experimentally. The sensor bases on three fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and one fiber long period grating (LPG). Strain, vibration, pressure, ordinary temperature (−10 to 100 °C) and high temperature (100–800 °C) can be measured by the sensor. When high temperature (100–800 °C) is measured, the LPG is used as a high temperture sensor head and FBG₁ is used as an interrogation element. Alternatively, when one of the other four measurands is measured, FBG₁ (or FBG₂) is used as a sensor head and LPG is used as an interrogation element. When two of the other four measurands are measured simultaneously, FBG₁ and FBG₂ are used as sensor heads and LPG is used as a shared interrogation element. FBG₃ is used as a reference element to eliminate the errors resulted from light source fluctuation and the cross-sensitivity between measurand and environmental temperature. The measurands can be interrogated according to the signals of the photodiodes (PDs), which are related to the relative wavelength shift of the LPG and the FBGs. Experimental results agree well with theoretical analyses. The interrogation scheme is immune to light source fluctuation and the cross-sensitivity between measurands and enviromental temperature, and also the dynamic range is large.     

混凝土结构内冲击波应力传感器设计及其行为

为测量混凝土结构内的冲击波应力,研制了PVDF压力传感器;介绍了传感器的原理和设计思想,通过传感器的标定试验,得出传感器与混凝土介质匹配性能稳定,通过修正传感器灵敏度或采用将传感器打入包体标定的方法可减小应力测量误差;最后介绍了传感器在混凝土结构内药包爆炸应力波测试中的应用。     

一种新的白光光纤传感系统波长解调方法

提出了一种新的白光非本征法布里-珀罗干涉（EFPI）光纤传感系统的干涉谱处理方法,在白光法布里-珀罗干涉光纤传感系统中,一个中心波长为850nm的发光二极管（LED）作为宽谱光源,HR2000高分辨力微型光谱仪用来测量返回的干涉光谱。通过跟踪干涉光谱中的特定谱峰点,法布里-珀罗干涉传感器的腔长值可以被解调出来。应用反向传播神经网络,解决了单峰测量方式的级次模糊问题。反向传播神经网络能够分辨出干涉谱中不同谱峰的干涉级次,因而可以进行多个谱峰的连续跟踪。从而实现了高精密度、大动态范围的测量。进行了基于这种干涉谱处理方法的白光法布里-珀罗干涉传感系统的应变测量实验。利用该传感系统实现了精密度达0．1με,500με范围的应变测量。     

单长周期光栅迈克耳孙干涉仪特性研究

单长周期光栅迈克耳孙（Michelson）干涉仪是由尾纤端面蒸镀高反膜的单根长周期光纤光栅构成。入射光经长周期光栅后,部分被耦合到包层中传输。经过包层和纤芯传输的光信号经尾纤端面反射后,重新耦合回到长周期光栅中,在光栅区域形成干涉。通过理论计算分析了各种因素对其光谱响应的影响。从实验上得到了干涉光谱的谐振峰波长位移与光纤段温度变化成良好的线性关系,测得其温度系数为31．3pm／℃。表明这种结构可用于高温传感或作为波分复用滤波器。     

刚体转动惯量实验中时间测量的改进方法

对传统的刚体转动实验仪时间的测量方法进行了改进,提高了实验测量的精度,拓展了实验内容．同时也可以作为开放、设计性实验．     

光纤Sagnac温度传感器

介绍了一种新型的基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的高精度光纤温度传感器———光纤Sagnac温度传感器。讨论了此传感器的测温原理,推导了被测温度与传感器输出之间的关系,设计并调测了一个具体传感器系统。实验结果表明,此温度传感器具有很高的精度和大的测量范围。     

光纤荧光免疫分析系统的研制及应用

将光纤传感技术、荧光分析与免疫分析技术结合,自行设计了Y型分叉光纤、光强可调的光纤固定架及性能优良的荧光测定池,建立了新型光纤荧光免疫系统。系统性能可靠,操作简便,既可进行普通的荧光分析,又可进行光纤荧光免疫分析。将系统用于临床血清标本中肺炎支原体抗体的测试,结果与荧光显微镜法和ELISA法结果一致。该新型光纤荧光免疫系统在临床、环保等领域有广泛的应用前景。     

侧面研磨光纤Bragg光栅的外部折射率敏感特性研究

光纤Bragg光栅对外界折射率的变化不灵敏,无法直接作为气体、液体等的敏感元件.侧面研磨的光纤Bragg光栅,一侧包层减小至几微米,其辐射场可通过包层透射到被传感物质,因而被传感物质的折射率的变化可以改变光纤的有效折射率,从而使光栅的Bragg波长产生位移.实验中利用不同浓度的NaCl溶液来改变光纤光栅的外部折射率,Bragg中心波长的偏移量和浓度近似为线性关系.同时,透射功率的变化量和浓度也近似为线性关系.