Spectral editing in solid-state MAS NMR of quadrupolar nuclei using selective satellite inversion

A sensitivity enhancement method based on selective adiabatic inversion of a satellite transition has been employed in a (pi/2)CT-(pi)ST1-(pi/2)CT spectral editing sequence to both enhance and resolve multisite NMR spectra of quadrupolar nuclei. In addition to a total enhancement of 2.5 times for spin 3/2 nuclei, enhancements up to 2.0 times is reported for the edited sites in a mixture of rubidium salts.     

Effect of twin boundary on nanoimprint process of bicrystal Al thin film studied by molecular dynamics simulation

The effects of a twin boundary(TB) on the mechanical properties of two types of bicrystal Al thin films during the nanoimprint process are investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations.The results indicate that for the TB direction parallel to the imprinting direction,the yield stress reaches the maximum for the initial dislocation nucleation when the mould directly imprints to the TB,and the yield stress first decreases with the increase of the marker interval and then increases.However,for the TB direction perpendicular to the imprinting direction,the effect of the TB location to the imprinting forces is very small,and the yield stress is greater than that with the TB direction parallel to the imprinting direction.The results also demonstrate that the direction of the slip dislocations and the deformation of the thin film caused by spring-back are different due to various positions and directions of the TB.     

双子佯谬与星际航行

计算了在两个假想的星际航行方案中,与"双子佯谬"相关的时间差别.这种差别体现了惯性与非惯性参考系经历的时间有绝对差异,而不再是"相对"效应.     

A new approach to the synthesis of lactams of muramic,isomuramic and normuramic acids via intramolecular O-alkylation: Stereochemical features of the intramolecular nucleophilic substitution

The title compounds were synthesized from the selectively protected N-acylated d-glucosamine derivatives, containing α-halo carboxylic acid moieties, via intramolecular 3-O-alkylation. It was found that if the starting compound contains asymmetric electrophilic center, isomuramic acid derivatives were mainly formed, regardless of the configuration of the electrophilic carbon atom. An explanation for the observed stereochemical results was proposed on the basis of the analysis of steric interactions in the molecules of the starting compounds, as well as using the concept of anchimeric assistance. It was shown that N-acetylation of the obtained lactam derivatives and subsequent methanolysis under mild conditions led to the selective cleavage of δ-lactam ring resulting in the formation of the corresponding ester derivatives of N-acetylmuramic acid or its analogues in high yields.     

广义双剪应力准则角隅模型

本文将广义双剪应力准则变换为π平面和静水应力轴的柱坐标方程,然后将其角隅光滑化,得到了新的光滑、外凸的广义双剪应力准则角隅模型,研究结果表明,近年来作为光滑化Mohr-Coulomb理论提出的各种角隅模型,实际上并不是光滑化的Mohr-Coulomb理论,而是光滑化的广义双剪应力理论。     

Decomposability index of tournaments

Given a tournament $T$, a module of $T$ is a subset $X$ of $V\left(T\right)$ such that for $x,y\in X$ and $v\in V\left(T\right)?X$, $(x,v)\in A\left(T\right)$ if and only if $(y,v)\in A\left(T\right)$. The trivial modules of $T$ are $?$, $\left\{u\right\}$ $(u\in V\left(T\right))$ and $V\left(T\right)$. The tournament $T$ is indecomposable if all its modules are trivial; otherwise it is decomposable. The decomposability index of $T$, denoted by $\delta \left(T\right)$, is the smallest number of arcs of $T$ that must be reversed to make $T$ indecomposable. For $n\ge 5$, let $\delta \left(n\right)$ be the maximum of $\delta \left(T\right)$ over the tournaments $T$ with $n$ vertices. We prove that $?\frac{n+1}{4}?\le \delta \left(n\right)\le ?\frac{n?1}{3}?$ and that the lower bound is reached by the transitive tournaments.     

基于模式搜索的光谱消光粒径分布反演算法的研究

发展快速有效的反演算法用于粒径分布的重建是颗粒测量领域重要的研究课题之一。在光谱消光法粒径测量中,提出将模式搜索算法用于独立模式下粒径分布的重建,同时引入Tikhonov平滑泛函构建算法的目标函数,为保证搜索过程的快速性和准确性,设计了关于初始点的优选策略。利用该算法测量国家标准颗粒体积平均直径的相对误差为3.14%,不超过国家标准物质局给出的±8%的范围,且粒径分布宽度合理,没有明显展宽和伪峰现象。与Phillips-Twomey方法和遗传算法的对比结果表明,在综合考虑反演精度和反演时间条件下,该算法具有明显优势,更适合于快速准确的现场测量,具有较好的应用前景。     

基于PCA的土壤Cd含量高光谱反演模型对比研究

土壤重金属污染对人类健康造成了极大的威胁,如何快速摸清土壤污染情况尤为重要。高光谱遥感具备光谱分辨率高,快速无损等优势,使其在土壤组分反演方面具有巨大的潜力。针对高光谱信息冗余及光谱变换对土壤镉（Cd）含量估算的影响进行分析,并利用变换前后的高光谱数据对比研究了不同高光谱模型对土壤Cd含量反演的性能。首先利用等离子体质谱法和FieldSpec4地物光谱仪收集了56组土壤样品的Cd含量和对应的高光谱曲线（350～2 500 nm）;为了弱化光谱测定中光亮变化和土壤表面凹凸对实验结果的影响,研究对高光谱数据进行倒数对数预处理;考虑到高光谱数据中存在大量的信息冗余,研究采用了主成分分析（PCA）对高光谱数据进行降维处理并最终保留了前12个主成分量作为特征变量。针对高光谱反演模型,研究选择了偏最小二乘（PLSR）、支持向量机（SVM）、人工神经网络（ANN）和随机森林（RF）四种回归模型建立PCA主成分与Cd含量之间的关系;最后,研究选取了决定系数（R2）、均方根误差（RMSE）和RPD三种精度评估指标评估回归模型的拟合精度,结果表明针对光谱采用PCA波段降维的方法处理后,选取的12个主成分对变化前后的光谱累计贡献率均达到99.99%,作为模型的输入变量,四种模型均具有一定的预测能力。无论光谱变换与否,PCA-RF反演模型的预测能力均为最好（R2分别为0.856和0.855,RPD均高达3.39）。利用PCA对高光谱数据降维处理可以有效降低高光谱数据冗余,有力的保证模型的预测能力。以PCA筛选出的主成分量可以作为模型极好的输入变量,以RF为基础的高光谱反演模型在反演土壤Cd含量时具有最佳效果,可为该区域及类似地区的土壤重金属污染物反演提供新的方法支撑。     

Correlations between electronic energy bands spin splitting and magnetic profile symmetry of magnetic superlattice

We have theoretically investigated the energy band structures of two typical magnetic superlattices formed by perpendicular or parallel magnetization ferromagnetic stripes periodically deposited on a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), where the magnetic profile in the perpendicular magnetization is of inversion anti-symmetry, but of inversion symmetry in parallel magnetization, respectively. We have shown that the energy bands of perpendicular magnetization display the spin-splitting and transverse wave-vector symmetry, while the energy bands of the parallel magnetization exhibit spin degeneration and transverse wave-vector asymmetry. These distinguishing spin-dependent and transverse wave-vector asymmetry features are essential for future spintronics devices applications.     

Loop Groups and Twin Buildings

In these notes we describe some buildings related to complex Kac–Moody groups. First we describe the spherical building of SL_n() (i.e. the projective geometry PG(ⁿ)) and its Veronese representation. Next we recall the construction of the affine building associated to a discrete valuation on the rational function field (z). Then we describe the same building in terms of complex Laurent polynomials, and introduce the Veronese representation, which is an equivariant embedding of the building into an affine Kac–Moody algebra. Next, we introduce topological twin buildings. These buildings can be used for a proof which is a variant of the proof by Quillen and Mitchell, of Bott periodicity which uses only topological geometry. At the end we indicate very briefly that the whole process works also for affine real almost split Kac–Moody groups.Supported by a Heisenberg fellowship by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.