Electrochemical, morphological and microstructural characterization of carbon film resistor electrodes for application in electrochemical sensors

The electrochemical and microstructural properties of carbon film electrodes made from carbon film electrical resistors of 1.5, 15, 140 Ω and 2.0 kΩ nominal resistance have been investigated before and after electrochemical pre-treatment at +0.9 V vs SCE, in order to assess the potential use of these carbon film electrodes as electrochemical sensors and as substrates for sensors and biosensors. The results obtained are compared with those at electrodes made from previously investigated 2 Ω carbon film resistors. Cyclic voltammetry was performed in acetate buffer and phosphate buffer saline electrolytes and the kinetic parameters of the model redox system Fe(CN)₆^3−/4− obtained. The 1.5 Ω resistor electrodes show the best properties for sensor development with wide potential windows, similar electrochemical behaviour to those of 2 Ω and close-to-reversible kinetic parameters after electrochemical pre-treatment. The 15 and 140 Ω resistor electrodes show wide potential windows although with slower kinetics, whereas the 2.0 kΩ resistor electrodes show poor cyclic voltammetric profiles even after pre-treatment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy related these findings to the interfacial properties of the electrodes. Microstructural and morphological studies were carried out using contact mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Confocal Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. AFM showed more homogeneity of the films with lower nominal resistances, related to better electrochemical characteristics. X-ray diffraction and Confocal Raman spectroscopy indicate the existence of a graphitic structure in the carbon films.     

Cyclic voltammetry of nitrophenyl N‐glycosides on mercury electrode

Ten nitrophenyl N‐glycosides have been studied electrochemically in neutral (at pH 7) water–organic solutions by cyclic voltammetry using static mercury drop electrode. For all compounds under investigation the two electrochemical processes have been observed: the four‐electron irreversible reduction of their nitro groups to the corresponding phenylhydroxylamine derivatives, as well as the two‐electron quasi‐reversible process between phenylhydroxylamine and nitroso derivatives. For three compounds the additional electrochemical processes have been also observed, which can be connected with the formation of azoxybenzene derivatives. The potentials of both redox processes: a two‐electron quasi‐reversible R? NHOH/R? NO (E_f) and four‐electron irreversible R? NO₂/R? NHOH (E_pc(I)) systems have been determined and discussed according to crystal structures of selected compounds. E_f and E_pc(I) depended strongly on the positive mesomeric effect (caused by glycosidic nitrogen atom), as well as on the intramolecular hydrogen bond between electroactive nitro group and the hydrogen atom at the glycosidic atom observed in N‐o‐nitrophenyl‐2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosylamine. Moreover, the chirality of selected reactants has had the pronounced effect on the E_pc(I). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantitative nanoscopic impedance measurements on silver-ion conducting glasses using atomic force microscopy combined with impedance spectroscopy

Nanoscopic impedance measurements were carried out on silver ion conducting glasses by coupling an impedance spectrometer with an atomic force microscope. When ac voltages were applied to a conducting AFM tip being in contact with the glass surface, silver nanoparticles were formed during the cathodic half cycle, which were not completely reoxidized in the anodic half cycle. We describe two protocols allowing for a controlled particle growth. The electrochemical oxidation/reduction processes led to low tip/sample interfacial impedances, and the formed silver particles acted as nanoelectrodes sensing the spreading resistance of the glass below the particles. We made a quantitative check of the spreading resistance formula under the assumption that spreading of the electric field is governed by the lateral diameter of the particles and found good agreement between the mean value of the local conductivities obtained at different tip positions and the macroscopic conductivity.     

[5‐(p‐alkoxy)phenyl‐10, 15, 20‐tri‐phenyl] porphyrin and their rare earth complex liquid crystalline

Three series of porphyrin liquid crystalline compounds, [5‐(p‐alkoxy)phenyl‐10, 15, 20‐tri‐phenyl] porphyrin and their rare earth complexes (Tb (III), Dy (III), Er (III), Yb (III)), with a hexagonal columnar discotic columnar(Col_h) phase have been synthesized. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductances, UV‐visible spectra, infrared spectra, luminescence spectra, and cyclic voltammetry. These compounds exhibit more than one mesophases, which transition points of temperature change from ?33.6 to 16.0 °C, and transition points of temperature for isotropic liquid also increase from 4.9 to 38.2 °C, with increasing chain length. Their surface photovoltage (SPV) response have also been investigated by the means of surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) and field‐induced surface photovoltage spectroscopy (EFISPS). It was found that their SPV bands are analogous with the UV‐visible absorption spectra and derived from the same transition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

反传热问题及其在深冷处理传热分析中的应用

深冷处理作为一种新的材料处理工艺,越来越受到人们的关注,目前深冷处理使材料性能提高的机理尤其是与升降温过程的耦合关系等还尚未完全清楚,需开展更深入的研究,而传热分析是此方面研究的基础。反传热分析方法是研究深冷处理传热问题的一种可行方法。较为详细地叙述了反传热问题的定义及其求解方法,介绍了反传热在深冷处理传热分析中的初步应用,并对深冷处理中应用反传热方法存在的问题进行了探讨。     

用于组织光学特性参量测量的改进型双积分球系统

研制了一套改进型的双积分球系统,通过对光源功率的监测,可以准确获取生物组织的光学特性参量.文中详细阐明了该系统的组成、原理、测量技术及获取光学特性参量的逆加折叠方法;并分两种情况,即用改进型的双积分球系统及常用的双积分球系统分别对内脂与细粒蓝的光学特性参量(632.8nm)进行了测量,结果表明改进型系统能很好消除光源波动对测量所带来的影响,所测量的数据更准确,误差更小.     

Fabrication and electrochemistry study of multi-thiol coronary molecule monolayers

Single-component monolayer of novel multi-thiol coronary molecule and two-component mixed monolayer composed of coronary molecule and n-alkanethiol on gold substrates are described. The assembly of monolayers is characterized by ellipsometry, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. The electrochemical properties of the single- and two-component monolayers are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. Coronary molecule with multi-thiol groups has the ability to form stable monolayer via the interaction of mercapto groups and Au surface. Electrochemical impedance measurements indicate that 89.9% of the gold surface is blocked by the coronary molecule, which is attributed to the special spatial structure of the coronary molecule. The uncovered site on gold surface in coronary molecule monolayer could be occupied by the second suitable molecule. The mixed monolayer prepared by stepwise assembly of coronary molecule and n-alkanethiol has complete compact packing and few defects.     

Inverse conductivity Problem with Internal Data

This paper concerns the reconstruction of a scalar coefficient of a second-order elliptic equation in divergence form posed on a bounded domain from internal data. This problem finds applications in multi-wave imaging, greedy methods to approximate parameter-dependent elliptic problems, and image treatment with partial differential equations. We first show that the inverse problem for smooth coefficients can be rewritten as a linear transport equation. Assuming that the coefficient is known near the boundary, we study the well-posedness of associated transport equation as well as its numerical resolution using discontinuous Galerkin method. We propose a regularized transport equation that allow us to derive rigorous convergence rates of the numerical method in terms of the order of the polynomial approximation as well as the regularization parameter. We finally provide numerical examples for the inversion assuming a lower regularity of the coefficient, and using synthetic data.     

一般超图的张量谱性质

将一致超图的逆Perron值的概念推广到了一般超图上,并证明了超图G连通的充要条件为其逆Perron值大于0。同时给出了一般超图G的二分宽度、等周数、离心率基于逆Perron值的一些下界。最后,讨论了张量的可奇染色问题,得到非负对称弱不可约张量A可奇染色的充要条件为A的拉普拉斯张量和无符号拉普拉斯张量有相同的的谱。