空间载频干涉法全场测量长度技术

 在研究二维快速傅里叶变换法进行干涉测试基本原理的基础上,提出一种基于二维快速傅里叶变换的长度测量法.以量块长度的测量为对象,被测量块置于泰曼-格林干涉仪测试光路中,参考光波分别与待测长度的量块表面和辅助平面反射的测试光波形成干涉条纹,条纹由图像采集系统采集.利用编制的算法处理软件,通过处理干涉条纹图中量块边缘识别、区域延拓、滤波、波面统一,获得了量块全场表面的空间长度分布,实现了对量块长度的自动化测量.结果表明：该测量法不仅具有较高的测量准确度,而且具有全场测试和非接触测量等优点.     

Georges Sagnac: A life for optics

Georges Sagnac is mostly known for the optical effect in rotating frames that he demonstrated in 1913. His scientific interests were quite diverse: they included photography, optical illusions, X-ray physics, radioactivity, the blue of the sky, anomalous wave propagation, interferometry, strioscopy, and acoustics. An optical theme nonetheless pervaded his entire œuvre. Within optics, an original theory of the propagation of light motivated most of his investigations, from an ingenious explanation of the Fresnel drag, through the discovery of the Sagnac effect, to his quixotic defense of an alternative to relativity theory. Optical analogies efficiently guided his work in other domains. Optics indeed was his true passion. He saw himself as carrying the torch of the two great masters of French optics, Augustin Fresnel and Hippolyte Fizeau. In this mission he overcame his poor health and labored against the modernist tide, with much success originally and bitter isolation in the end.     

Walker Bleakney and the development of the shock tube at Princeton

Recollections of activities in the Physics Department of Princeton University leading to the construction and use of the SHOCK TUBE are recorded. Walker Bleakney was the leader of these activities from 1940 to 1979, and his methods and attitude are described. Original interferograms made at Princeton show some results obtained.     

单光束错位云纹干涉法测板的斜率和曲率

本文提出一种用高密度位相型闪耀光栅测取板的曲率和斜率的单光束错位云纹干涉法,由于这一方法具有高灵敏度。大量程和高反差的优点。可有效地用来求解板的弯曲问题。文中还给出了周边固定圆板和带缺口的方板两个应用实例。     

Correction of quadratic phase error in two-wavelength digital holographic interferometry using laser diodes

We present the correction of a quadratic phase error in two-wavelength digital holographic interferometry using laser diodes. This phase error arises from numerical reconstructions of wavefronts from digital holograms based on the Fresnel diffraction integral. To correct the quadratic phase error, it is numerically produced by computer on the basis of the theoretical prediction and is subtracted from the phase difference map in two-wavelength digital holographic interferometry. Experimental results show that the method of correction in this paper is useful for two-wavelength digital holographic interferometry using laser diodes.     

Characteristic polynomial theory of two-stage phase shifting algorithms

Two-stage phase shifting algorithms make possible to directly recover the sum or the difference of the optical phase of two different fringe patterns. These algorithms can be built by combining the known phase shifting algorithms in a non-linear way. In this work, we associate a two-dimensional characteristic polynomial to each two-stage phase shifting algorithm. This enables us to qualitatively compare their behaviour against the main systematic error sources, by means of an analysis protocol like that used for phase shifting algorithms. We show that this tool allows to understand the propagation of properties from precursor phase shifting algorithms to new evaluation algorithms built from them. As an experimental application, a wavefront distortion evaluation in differential phase-shifting interferometry is presented.     

Error-compensating algorithms in phase-shifting interferometry: a comparison by error analysis

In this paper, two families of phase-shifting algorithms with π/2 phase steps are studied. In family I, three new algorithms are derived by using the averaging technique based on the Surrel six-sample algorithm with phase shifts of π/2. Family II includes four well-known algorithms derived by the averaging technique based on the conventional four-sample algorithm with π/2 phase steps. A polynomial model of phase-shift errors used to describe general expressions for calculation of the correct object phase via the Fourier spectra analysing method as a function of the harmonic order in the fringe signal is presented. The error-compensating properties of the algorithms in families I and II are investigated by the Fourier spectra analysing method. It is found that the averaging technique, when used in any of the algorithm with π/2 phase steps, can improve the phase-shifting algorithm property: it is insensitive to phase-shift error when the fringe signal contains the first harmonic, but it can't be used to enhance the phase-shifting algorithm properties when the fringe signal contains higher order harmonics (n2). P–V (peak–valley) phase errors are calculated by the computer simulation and tables and plots are presented, from which the algorithms in families I and II are compared. It is shown that the algorithms in family I are more insensitive to phase-shift errors when the fringe signal contains the second harmonic and the algorithms in family II are more insensitive to phase-shift errors when the fringe signal is a sinusoidal waveform.     

Interferometry based on Lau effect with a grating registered in a photorefractive crystal

The use of a grating in the form of modulation of birefringence in a BSO crystal in a novel Lau interferometer set-up is proposed. The system behaves as a conventional Lau interferometer implemented by using two amplitude gratings. Moreover, it permits control of the visibility and provides a contrast inversion of the interferometric fringes by rotating a polarizer. Two alternative experimental arrangements with similar performance are presented. A theoretical approach is outlined and the predicted behavior is confirmed by results obtained under different experimental conditions.     

Determination of the optical and geometrical properties of fibres having skin–core structure

A method is suggested to determine both the refractive index and the transverse sectional shape and area of fibres, having skin–core structure, at the same time for the same region of the fibre. The method depends on using a fibre rotator device attached with Pluta polarizing interference microscope, to record the variation of the fibre thickness at each angle of rotation. Nylon 6 fibres having skin–core structure were used in this study. Beck-line method was used to determine the refractive index of the skin for light vibrating parallel and perpendicular to the fibre axis. To confirm the results of the suggested method, the optical microscope was used to determine the transverse sectional shapes of bundles of nylon 6 fibres. The mean refractive indices of the skin and core of nylon 6 fibres were determined. Microinterferograms are given for illustration.