HE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF NONLINEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF SD OSCILLATOR

具有光滑与不连续转迁特征的SD振子发现和提出以来,引起了广泛关注.基于双稳系统大位移特征的测量法困难,SD振子的实验研究还未见报道.该文提出并设计了具有SD振子系统光滑特征的非线性实验装置,用实验的方法揭示由几何关系产生的强非线性系统的非线性动力学行为.设计的非线性实验装置基本振动参数均有良好的可调性和可测量性,对SD振子在不同频率及幅值的简谐激励作用下的非线性动力学响应进行了实验研究.为克服大位移测量难题,研究采用高速摄像机采集振子振动视频信号并进行分析.结果表明,SD振子系统在一定的参数条件下会产生周期振动、周期5振动及混沌运动等复杂非线性动力学现象,在相同实验参数条件下进行了数值仿真,仿真结果与实验结果一致.     

城市快速路交通流速密关系模型优化研究

从实测得到的210920中国城市快速路“车速-车头间距”数据中, 选取包含26773条数据的3个样本作为不同类型交通流的代表, 对多个交通流“速-密关系”模型 进行参数优化和拟合优度比较研究, 给出优化模型参数的定性和定量规律. 修正形式的 Kerner-Konhauser平衡函数和Payne平衡函数通过参数优化, 分别在畅通和拥挤条件下具有 优度相对最高的拟合结果, Greenshields模型(等价地, m=3时的一维管流模型)则对介于 两种条件之间的实测数据具有优度相对最高的拟合结果.     

Prospect for Cosmological Parameter Estimation Using Future Hubble Parameter Measurements

We constrain cosmological parameters using only Hubble parameter data and quantify the impact of future Hubble parameter measurements on parameter estimation for the most typical dark energy models. We first constrain cosmological parameters using 52 current Hubble parameter data including the Hubble constant measurement from the Hubble Space Telescope. Then we simulate the baryon acoustic oscillation signals from WFIRST (Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope) covering the redshift range of z ∈[0.5,2] and the redshift drift data from E-ELT (European Extremely Large Telescope) in the redshift range of z ∈[2,5]. It is shown that solely using the current Hubble parameter data could give fairly good constraints on cosmological parameters. Compared to the current Hubble parameter data, with the WFIRST observation the H(z) constraints on dark energy would be improved slightly, while with the E-ELT observation the H(z) constraints on dark energy is enormously improved.     

Influence of the deGennes extrapolation parameter on the resistive state of a superconducting strip

We studied the resistive state of a mesoscopic superconducting strip (bridge) at zero external applied magnetic field under a transport electric current, $J_a$, subjected to different types of boundary conditions. The current is applied through a metallic contact (electrode) and the boundary conditions are simulated via the deGennes extrapolation length b. It will be shown that the characteristic current–voltage curve follows a scaling law for different values of b. We also show that the value of $J_a$ at which the first vortex–antivortex (V–Av) pair penetrates the sample, as well as their average velocities and dynamics, strongly depend on the b values. Our investigation was carried out by solving the two-dimensional generalized time dependent Ginzburg–Landau (GTDGL) equation.     

有限玻色子系统中的激发态量子相变

为了探讨原子核系统中存在激发态量子相变的可能性,在相互作用玻色子模型框架下对有限玻色子系统中的激发态量子相变现象进行唯象分析,特别是针对角动量和有限N效应如何影响U（5）-SU（3）和SU（3）-O（6）过渡区中的激发态量子相变行为进行了系统研究。结果表明,低角动量振动谱中的激发态量子相变特征在现实玻色子数情况下可以很好地保持,但随着角动量增加相变特征逐渐消失。In this work, a phenomenological analysis of the excited-state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs) in the finite-N boson system has been carried out within the interacting boson model in order to reveal the possibility of finding ESQPTs in nuclear systems. Particularly, the angular momentum and finite-N effects on the ESQPTs in the U(5)-SU(3) and SU(3)-O(6) transitional regions have been systematically investigated. The results indicate that the main features of ESQPTs can be well preserved even at a realistic boson number for small angular momentum but will gradually disappear as the angular momentum increases.     

Weizsäcker-Skyrme核质量模型的统计误差研究

基于最大值近似估算的方法,系统地研究了Weizsäcker-Skyrme（WS4）核质量模型的参数不确定性,并计算了WS4核质量模型理论预言值的统计误差。WS4核质量模型的理论预言值与实验值的偏差基本都小于模型的统计误差,表明采用最大值近似估算法对WS4核质量模型理论预言的统计误差的分析是简捷而有效的。进一步研究了WS4核质量模型理论计算中最敏感的参数,结果表明,对称能系数相关的两个参数c_sym和κ对中子滴线附近的原子核质量有重要影响。此外还对WS4模型与WS*模型的参数不确定性及统计误差进行了对比研究,WS4模型中各模型参数的不确定性比WS*模型中相应模型参数的不确定性降低了10%~ 50%。The statistical uncertainties of 15 model parameters in the Weizsäcker-Skyrme(WS4) mass model are investigated with an efficient approach, and the propagated errors in the predicted masses are estimated. The discrepancies between the predicted masses and the experimental data are almost all smaller than the model errors. The most sensitive model parameter which causes the largest statistical error is analyzed for all bound nuclei. We find that the two coefficients of symmetry energy term significantly influence the mass predictions of extremely neutron-rich nuclei. In addition, the parameter uncertainties and statistical errors of the WS4 mass model and the WS* mass model are compared. The uncertainties of model parameter in the WS4 mass model is reduced by 10% ~ 50% compared with the WS* mass model.     

Discontinuity of dipole-moment matrix elements in ellipsoidally shaped nanoparticles and profiles of spectral lines

The behaviour of energy levels and optical spectra of a charged particle (electron or hole) confined within a potential well of ellipsoidal shape is investigated as a function of the shape-anisotropy parameter. If two energy levels of the same symmetry intersect in a perturbation-theory approximation, they move apart on direct diagonalization of the appropriate Hamiltonian. The intersection of the energy levels leads to a discontinuity of the corresponding dipole-moment matrix element. The discontinuity of matrix elements is not reflected in the behaviour of transition probabilities which are continuous functions of the shape-anisotropy parameter. The profiles of a spectral line emitted or absorbed by an ensemble of ellipsoidally shaped nanoparticles with a Gaussian distribution of size are calculated and discussed.     

参数可控长距无衍射光束的生成方法研究

为了消除光学器件几何参数对无衍射光束传播特性调整的限制,实现长距空间中无衍射光束传播时特性参数的可控性,首先,通过研究axicon折射阴影区的电场分布特征,发现axicon无衍射区外过临界面后的近轴区域虽处于几何折射阴影近轴区域内,但仍存在光强服从第一类零阶贝赛尔函数分布的球面波;以此为基础,提出了一种不受传播空间距离限制的无衍射光束的生成方式;最后,在近12 m的尺度范围内进行无衍射光传播特性参数测试,发现其实验参数与理论计算值的差值不超过0.1μm。该无衍射光通过对第一类零阶贝塞尔函数分布的球面衍射光斑准直生成,本质上区别于传统的干涉无衍射光束生成方式,易于生成大尺度空间无衍射光束。该无衍射光生成方式适合用于非能量使用情况下大尺度空间的直线基准、光束空间通讯等领域,具有较大的价值与意义。     

基于移动激光扫描的橡胶林风害相关参数精准反演

林木参数反演是森林资源管理与培育经营的关键环节。迅速发展的激光探测与测量技术突破了传统测量方法,可以快速的获取林木的空间三维信息,在林业普查中具备高效率、高精度的优势。结合计算机图形学与图像学方法,以中国最大的橡胶生产基地海南省儋州市长期受台风侵害下的两个不同品种橡胶林段(林段1 PR107,林段2 CATAS7-20-59)为研究对象,设计了面向离散激光点云的单株林木参数提取方法,自动获取橡胶林木风害后的生物量指标。首先,通过人背负移动激光雷达获取林段点云数据并使用瑞利商求取台风造成的主枝干倾角,以找寻每株橡胶树的树冠中心点。其次,对点云进行垂直投影,并采用分水岭与Meanshift算法实现株株分离。最后,基于以上操作自动获取与实测值相近的林木参数,例如冠幅、冠径、冠积、叶面积密度、叶面积分布以及主枝与分枝之间夹角等。计算表明,林段1与林段2东西冠幅分别为3.95和3.73 m,与实测相差1.74%～6.27%;林段1与林段2南北向冠幅分别为6.47和6.51 m,与实测相差2.54%～4.02%;林段1与林段2平均胸径分别为5.20和4.73 cm,与实测相差0.64%～2.44%;林段1与林段2平均冠积分别为168.01和141.80 m3,与实测相差0.67%～0.85%;林段1与林段2主枝干倾斜角分别为18.80°和13.11°,与实测相差5.53%～7.09%;林段1与林段2二级分支与主枝干的夹角分别为40.21°~69.23°和10.63°~32.14°,它们相差62.63%;林段1在不同天顶角下的叶面积指数均大于林段2。通过对一定样本（150棵/每类林段）的分析结果与真实比对表明,该方法对林木参数反演结果精度较高,有效地评估了不同品种橡胶树在台风下的损伤度（如主枝干歪斜率、叶面积密度及衰减分布）。参数反演结果与实测值仅有8%的偏差,此偏差主要由橡胶林分叶片稠密,导致林分中叶面与枝干扫描数据获取缺失,以及外界环境干扰如风力扰动、点云拼接误差、激光束发散率、激光扫描范围等原因造成。同时,由于林段1(PR107)的橡胶树的主枝与分枝夹角、冠积以及叶面积指数均大于林段2(CATAS7-20-59)的橡胶树,导致林段1的橡胶树比林段的2橡胶树在台风侵害下更脆弱。因此,该研究可用于研究风力侵害对于不同森林地块的影响,以及量化风害造成的生态系统紊乱的影响。同时,该方法解决了人背负激光扫描数据进行单株提取与林木参数反演的问题,为激光测绘在林业中的应用提供了新思路。     

A convenient and accurate wide-range parameter relationship between Buckingham and Morse potential energy functions

This study explores the close-range, short-range and long-range relationships between the parameters of the Morse and Buckingham potential energy functions. The results show that the close-range and short-range relationships are valid for bond compression and for very small changes in bond length, respectively, while the long-range relationship is valid for bond stretching. A wide-range relationship is proposed to combine the comparative advantages of the close-range, short-range and long-range parameter relationships. The wide-range relationship is useful for replacing the close-range, short-range and long-range parameter relationships, thereby preventing the undesired effects of potential energy jumps resulting from functional switching between the close-range, short-range and long-range interaction energies.