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101.
The solvation parameter model is used to elucidate the retention mechanism on a perfluorohexylpropylsiloxane-bonded (Fluophase
RP) and octadecylsiloxane-bonded (Betasil C18) stationary phases based on the same silica substrate with acetonitrile–water
and methanol–water mobile phase compositions. Dewetting affects the retention properties of Fluophase RP at mobile phase compositions
containing less than 20% (v/v) acetonitrile or 40% (v/v) methanol. It results in a loss of retention due to an unfavorable change in the phase ratio as well as changes in specific
intermolecular interactions. Steric repulsion reduces retention of bulky solutes on fully solvated Betasil C18 with methanol–water
(but not acetonitrile–water) mobile phase compositions but is not important for Fluophase RP. The retention of weak bases
is affected by ion-exchange interactions on Fluophase RP with acetonitrile–water, and to a lesser extent, methanol-water mobile
phases but these are weak at best for Betasil C18. The system constants of the solvation parameter model and retention factor
scatter plots are used to compare selectivity differences for Fluophase RP, Betasil C18 and a perfluorophenylpropylsiloxane-bonded
silica stationary phase Discovery HS F5 for conditions where incomplete solvation, steric repulsion and ion-exchange do not
significantly contribute to the retention mechanism. Lower retention on Fluophase RP results from weaker dispersion and/or
higher cohesion moderated to different extents by polar interactions since solvated Fluophase RP is a stronger hydrogen-bond
acid and more dipolar/polarizable than Betasil C18. Retention factors for acetonitrile–water mobile phases are highly correlated
for Fluophase RP and Betasil C18 except for compounds with a large excess molar refraction and weak hydrogen-bonding capability.
Selectivity differences are more significant for methanol–water mobile phases. Retention factors on Fluophase RP are strongly
correlated with those on Discovery HSF5 for acetonitrile–water mobile phases while methanol–water mobile phases retention
on Fluophase RP is a poor predictor of the retention order on Discovery HS F5. 相似文献
102.
Interfacial layers have been widely applied to study the formation and stability of emulsion-based systems. However, the application of isolated interfaces to address digestibility of emulsions is often limited because of the complexity of experimental methods and results. This review summarizes the latest developments in analytical methods and literature data on effects of digestion on interfacial layers. Particular emphasis is given to understand the changes on interfacial magnitudes during oral, gastric, and duodenal digestion, either applied separately or sequentially. Limitations of interfacial aspects and key factors that influence emulsion microstructure in bulk and lipid digestion are identified. Understanding the behavior of interfacial layers upon gastrointestinal digestion promotes an accurate tracking of the physiological fate of emulsions. 相似文献
103.
In this paper, calculating the molecular internal rotating steric factor of polymers by the radiation crosslinking method is studied and a relationship between the molecular internal rotating steric factor (σ) and crosslinking parameter βis established~([1]) by taking account of the effect of polymer chain flexibility on βvalue, σvalue of polymer obtained by this method is in agreement with that given with other method. 相似文献
104.
The considered mathematical model of the decomposition of valerate presents three unknown kinetic parameters, two unknown
stoichiometric coefficients, and three unknown initial concentrations for biomass. Applying a structural identifiability study,
we concluded that it is necessary to perform simultaneous batch experiments with differenitial conditions for estimating these
parameters. Four simultaneous batch experiments were conducted at 55°C, characterized by four different initial acetate concentrations.
Product inhibition of valerate degradation by acetate was considered. Practical identification was done optimizing the sum
of the multiple determination coefficients for all measured state viariables and for all experiments simultaneously. The estimated
values of kinetic parameters and stoichiometric coefficients were characterized by the parameter correlation matrix, the confidence
interval, and the student's t-test at 9% significance level with positive results except for the saturation constant, for which more eperiments for improving
its identifiability should be conducted. In this article, we discussekinetic parameter estimation methods. 相似文献
105.
H. L. Stalford 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1995,86(3):685-718
Using a class of linear static controllers, we stabilize the Petersen open-loop two-dimensional linear system (Ref. 1), which consists of one time-varying uncertainty in the state matrixA and one timevarying uncertainty in the input matrixB. We show that the worst-case uncertainty strategy for the closed-loop system is a piecewise constant strategy of the angular state with three switches on the half-turn, –/2/2; it is unique with respect to a set of measure zero. Formulas are derived for the worst-case half-turn radius gainr
HT
as a function of the parameters of the class of stabilizing linear static controllers. Using the class of scalar-quadratic Lyapunov functions, we show that a necessary and sufficient condition for the closed-loop system to be robustly stable against all time-varying admissible uncertainties is thatr
HT
be less than unity. The bound on the time-varying real parameter uncertainties for the closed-loop system to be robustly stable is derived for the class of linear static feedback controllers. We obtain stabilizing linear static controllers such that the bound is as close to infinity as desired. The derived results are compared with numerical results obtained using commerical robust-control software. 相似文献
106.
Schock (Ref. 1) considered a general a posteriori parameter choice strategy for the Tikhonov regularization of the ill-posed operator equationTx=y which provides nearly the optimal rate of convergence if the minimal-norm least-squares solution
belongs to the range of the operator (T
*
T)
v
, o<v1. Recently, Nair (Ref. 2) improved the result of Schock and also provided the optimal rate ifv=1. In this note, we further improve the result and show in particular that the optimal rate can be achieved for 1/2v1.The final version of this work was written while M. T. Nair was a Visiting Fellow at the Centre for Mathematics and Its Applications, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. The work of S. George was supported by a Senior Research Fellowship from CSIR, India. 相似文献
107.
Feding Ge Jing Zhu Limin Chen 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1996,17(2):449-455
The effective parameters of chiral composite are studied using a simple model, that is, randomly oriented non-interacting wire helices embedded in a nonchiral host medium. It is found that both the effective permittivity and permeability are independent on the handedness of the chiral objects while the effective chirality admittance is dependent. It is also found that when the ratio of the radius of the chiral helix to its pitch is about 0.23, maximum chirality admittance is achieved. The effective parameters of equichiral sample are also discussed. 相似文献
108.
Experimental studies of the coil-to-globule transitions exhibited in better than -solvents by interfacial copolymers ofN-isopropylacrylamide and acrylamide imply that a lower bound for the value of n in then-clusters of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is 3. The corresponding upper bound is therefore likely to be 5 or 6. Statistical copolymers of PNIPAM containing upwards of 0.75 mole fraction of acrylamide (whose homopolymer does not itself displayn-clustering) exhibited this transition, which disappeared at higher mole fractions of acrylamide. Interfacial homopolymers ofN-ethylacrylamide and its statistical copolymers withN-isopropylacrylamide exhibitedn-clustering at all compositions. 相似文献
109.
Numerical simulations are done of Langevin dynamics for a uniform-orderparameter, field-swept Landau model,= –|a/2|m
2+|b/4|m
4–mh(t) , to study hysteresis effects. The field is swept at a constant rateh(t)=h(0)+ht. The stochastic jump values of the field {hJ from an initially prepared metastable minimumm(0) are recorded, on passage to a global minimum m(). The results are: (a) The mean jump¯h
J(h) increases (hysteresis loop widens) with h, confirming a previous theoretical criterion based on rate competition between field-sweep and inverse mean first-passage time (FPT); (b) The broad jump distribution(h
J,h) is related to intrinsically large FPT fluctuations (
2–2)/
2 O(1), and can be quantitatively understood. Possible experimental tests of the ideas are indicated. 相似文献
110.
A one-step pathway has been adopted to fabricate biodegradable polylactide (PLA) hollow spheres by interfacial polymerization
in an oil-in-water emulsion system. The mechanism of sphere formation is suggested with respect to interfacial cross-linking
polymerization and subsequent precipitation of the unreacted PLA macromonomers onto the preformed shells. Their hollow nature
and morphology were verified by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope characterizations. 相似文献