中国汽车产业内外资企业生产效率研究

文章利用教据包络分析法(DEA)结合Malquist指数分解对中国汽车产业内资企业和外资企业1998年～2005年的生产效率的变化进行了实证分析.研究结果表明,内外资企业的技术效率存在明显差距;Malquist生产率指数构成表明,中国汽车产业的全要素生产率总体呈现正增长的趋势,主要源自技术进步的拉动;内资企业近年来技术进步明显,成为拉动生产率增长的主要动力,外资企业对我国汽车产业全要素生产率的改善以及推动产业技术进步起到了积极的推动作用.     

Single-crystal micro/nanostructures and thin films of lamellar molybdenum oxide by solid-state pyrolysis of organometallic derivatives of a cyclotriphosphazene

The solid-state pyrolysis of organometallic derivatives of a cyclotriphosphazene is demonstrated to be a new, simple and versatile solid-state templating method for obtaining single-crystal micro- and nanocrystals of transition and valve metal oxides. The technique, when applied to Mo-containing organometallics N₃P₃[OC₆H₄CH₂CN·Mo(CO)₅]₆ and N₃P₃[OC₆H₄CH₂CN·Mo(CO)₄ py]₆, results in stand-alone and surface-deposited lamellar MoO₃ single crystals, as determined by electron and atomic force microscopies and X-ray diffraction. The size and morphology of the resulting crystals can be tuned by the composition of the precursor. X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopies indicate that the deposition of highly lamellar MoO₃ directly on an oxidized (400 nm SiO₂) surface or (100) single-crystal silicon surfaces yields a layered uniphasic single-crystal film formed by cluster diffusion on the surface during pyrolysis of the metal-carbonyl derivatives. For MoO₃ in its layered form, this provides a new route to an important intercalation material for high energy density battery materials.     

Reversible intercalation of ammonia molecules into a layered double hydroxide structure without exchanging nitrate counter-ions

A zinc/aluminum LDH was precipitated with recycled ammonia from a chemical vapor deposition reaction. The LDH presented a crystalline phase with basal distance of 8.9 Å, typical for nitrate-containing LDHs, and another phase with a basal distance of 13.9 Å. Thermal treatment at 150 °C eliminated the phase with the bigger basal distance leaving only the anhydrous nitrate-intercalated LDH structure with 8.9 Å. Intense N-H stretching modes in the FTIR spectra suggested that the expansion was due to intercalation of ammonia in the form of [NH₄(NH₃)_n]⁺ species. When additional samples were precipitated with pure ammonia, the conventional LDH nitrate structure was obtained (8.9 Å basal distance) at pH=7, as well as a pure crystalline phase with 13.9 Å basal distance at pH=10 due to ammonia intercalation that can be removed by heating at 150 °C or by stirring in acetone, confirming a unusual sensu stricto intercalation process into a LDH without exchanging nitrate ions.     

氮化铝粉体制备工艺研究

以氢氧化铝为铝源,乙炔黑为碳源,采用碳热还原和铝粉直接氮化同时进行,并辅以微波加热的新工艺制备了氮化铝粉体。结果表明,采用该工艺在反应温度为1300℃、反应时间为1h的条件下能获得氮化率高且分散性能良好的氮化铝粉末,该工艺反应活化能仅为常规碳热还原法所需活化能的1/4。     

Digital game‐based learning for K–12 mathematics education: A meta‐analysis

Digital games (e.g., video games or computer games) have been reported as an effective educational method that can improve students' motivation and performance in mathematics education. This meta‐analysis study (a) investigates the current trend of digital game‐based learning (DGBL) by reviewing the research studies on the use of DGBL for mathematics learning, (b) examines the overall effect size of DGBL on K‐12 students' achievement in mathematics learning, and (c) discusses future directions for DGBL research in the context of mathematics learning. In total, 296 studies were collected for the review, but of those studies, only 33 research studies were identified as empirical studies and systematically analyzed to investigate the current research trends. In addition, due to insufficient statistical data, only 17 out of the 33 studies were analyzed to calculate the overall effect size of digital games on mathematics education. This study will contribute to the research community by analyzing recent trends in significant DGBL research, especially for those who are interested in using DGBL for mathematics education.     

云计算环境下智能图书借还终端系统设计与实现

针对传统的图书借还系统只能通过条码扫描,获取信息,一直存在工作效率低、用户信任度下降的问题。提出并设计了一种基于RFID技术的智能图书借还终端系统,该系统利用RFID无线射频识别技术采集馆内图书、读者以及书架等信息,采用天线条码标签对智能图书馆内的图书进行监控,实现对图书借还信息进行终端操作,设计了系统软件,并通过实验进行了对比分析,实验表明对RFID系统的硬件和软件测试对传统条码技术的问题有了相对应的解决,从而达到提高智能图书馆借还书和借还终端系统效率的目的。     

移相干涉测量中的抗振技术

移相干涉测量技术是一种众所周知的非接触式的高精密测量方法,具有广泛的应用范围。环境振动是移相干涉仪测量误差的主要来源之一,国际上一些从事干涉测量的工作人员提出了许多抗振的方法,大体上分为主动技术和被动技术。主动抗振技术主要是系统自身探测振动并通过反馈回路对振动进行补偿,被动抗振技术则是通过各种技术措施尽量减小干涉仪对环境振动和气流影响的敏感度。从这两方面对干涉仪的抗振技术研究的进展做简单介绍,并介绍了作者所在课题组在这两个方面所进行的研究工作。     

HPLC retention behavior on hydride-based stationary phases

Two stationary phases attached to a silica hydride surface, cholesterol and bidentate C18, are investigated with a number of pharmaceutically related compounds in order to illustrate the various retention mechanisms that are possible for these bonded materials. The test solutes range from hydrophilic to hydrophobic based on log P (octanol/water partition coefficient) and pKa values. The mobile phases consist of acidified (formic and perchloric acid) water/methanol or water/ACN mixtures. Of particular interest are the high organic content mobile phase compositions where the retention would increase if the bonded material was operating in the aqueous normal phase (ANP) mode. Plots of retention factor (k) versus mobile phase composition are used to elucidate the retention mechanism. A number of examples are presented where solutes are retained based on RP, ANP, or dual retention mechanisms. The silica hydride-based stationary phases can also retain compounds in the organic normal phase.     

Synthesis of an intercalated compound of montmorillonite and 6-polyamide

Natural montmorillonite, fractionated from bentonite produced in Yamagata, Japan, was ion-exchanged for NH ₃ ⁺ –(CH₂)₁₁–COOH, NH ₃ ⁺ –(CH₂)₅–COOH, Al³⁺, Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺, Co²⁺, Li⁺, K⁺ and H⁺. The mixtures of the ion-exchanged montmorillonite and -caprolactam were heated at 263°C in glass ampoules for various periods. The intercalated compounds before and after the heating were examined by X-ray powder diffraction, DSC and GPC. Although -caprolactam was not polymerized without montmorillonite, it was polymerized at 263°C in the presence of montmorillonite. The polymerization rate varied with the interlayer cations in the order of NH ₃ ⁺ –(CH₂)₁₁–COOH>Al³⁺>NH ₃ ⁺ –(CH₂)₅–COOH>H⁺>Cu²⁺>Mg²⁺>Co²⁺>Li⁺>K⁺. After heating at 263°C for 5 h, the mean number-average molecular weight was about 1.5×10⁴. Although the interlayer distance of NH ₃ ⁺ –(CH₂)₁₁–COOH type montmorillonite/-caprolactam compound increased from 2.85 nm to 4.90 nm by heating at temperatures above the melting point of -caprolactam, those of other compounds were not changed. After heating at 263°C, an intercalated compound of montmorillonite and 6-polyamide, whose interlayer distance was more than 10 nm, was obtained. It is concluded that montmorillonite acts as a Brönsted acid and initiates the open ring polymerization of -caprolactam and that the driving force of swelling is the polymerization energy.Presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Inclusion Phenomena and the Third International Symposium on Cyclodextrins, Lancaster, U.K., 20–25 July 1986.