Mechanical properties of silicon nanobeams with undercut evaluated by combining dynamic resonance test and finite element analysis

Mechanical properties of silicon nanobeams are of prime importance in nanoelectromechanical system applications. A numerical experimental method of determining resonant frequencies and Young's modulus of nanobeams by combining finite element analysis and frequency response tests based on an electrostatic excitation and visual detection by laser Doppler vibrometer is presented in this paper. Silicon nanobeams test structures are fabricated from silicon-on-insulator wafers by using a standard lithography and anisotropic wet etching release process, which inevitably generates the undercut of the nanobeam clamping. In conjunction with three-dimensional finite element numerical simulations incorporating the geometric undercut, dynamic resonance tests reveal that the undercut significantly reduces resonant frequencies of nanobeams due to the fact that it effectively increases the nanobeam length by a correct value Δ L, which is a key parameter that is correlated with deviations in the resonant frequencies predicted from the ideal Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and experimentally measured data. By using a least-square fit expression including Δ L, we finally extract Young's modulus from the measured resonance frequency versus effective length dependency and find that Young's modulus of silicon nanobeam with 200-nm thickness is close to that of bulk silicon. This result supports that the finite size effect due to surface effect does not play a role in mechanical elastic behaviour of silicon nanobeams with the thickness larger than 200 nm.     

航天器力限振动试验条件设计研究

航天器在研制过程中要经过一系列地面力学验证试验, 但在传统加速度控制振动试验中, 受试航天器或其部组件和试验台的连接机械阻抗与真实飞行状态存在很大差异, 如果仅采用加速度条件进行控制可能产生严重的"过试验" 现象. 美国早在20 世纪60 年代就已认识到这一问题, 但直到最近十几年才通过力限振动试验的办法加以解决. 力限振动试验技术分为力限振动试验条件设计技术和力限振动试验控制技术, 其中试验条件设计是开展振动试验的基础和依据. 本文对国内外力限振动试验技术的发展历程和重要成果进行了简述, 并结合我国力限振动试验技术的现状, 对力限振动试验技术在我国的应用和发展, 以及有待进一步研究的问题进行了展望.      

双向拟静力加载规则对钢筋混凝土高墩滞回性能的影响

通过四种不同双向加载规则的钢筋混凝土高墩拟静力试验,初步研究了双向拟静力加载规则对其滞回特性的影响规律。本文主要介绍钢筋混凝土高墩的试验构件设计,加载装置、测试方法和加载规则,着重比较了对角线加载、正方形加载、菱形加载和圆形加载等四种加载规则的钢筋混凝土高墩的滞回性能,包括荷载-位移滞回曲线、荷载-位移骨架曲线、荷载退化、刚度退化以及累积滞回耗能的特点,并分析这些特点与双向加载规则之间的关系。结论认为:对角线加载模式加载效率高且能较好反映高墩双向抗震滞回性能,适合于高墩的双向拟静力试验研究。     

Effect of Y2O3 addition on the conductivity and elastic modulus of (CeO2)1 − x(YO1.5)x

The conductivity and elastic modulus of (CeO₂)_1 − x(YO_1.5)_x for x values of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 were investigated by experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The calculated conductivity exhibited a maximum value at approximately 15 mol% Y₂O₃; this trend agreed with that of the experimental results. In order to clarify the reason for the occurrence of the maximum conductivity, the paths for the transfer of oxygen vacancies were counted. The numerical result revealed that as the content of Y₂O₃ dopant increases, the number of paths for the transfer of oxygen vacancies decreases, whereas the number of oxygen vacancies for conductivity increases. Thus, the trade-off between the increase in the number of vacancy sites and the decrease in the vacancy transfer was considered to be the reason for the maximum conductivity occurring at the Y₂O₃ dopant content of approximately 15 mol%. The calculated elastic modulus also exhibited a minimum value at approximately 20 mol% Y₂O₃, which also agreed with the experimental results. It was shown that the Y–O–Y bonding energy increased with the increasing content of Y₂O₃ dopant. Thus, the trade-off between the increase in the number of vacancy sites and that in the Y–O–Y bonding energy was considered to be the reason for the minimum elastic modulus occurring at the Y₂O₃ dopant content of approximately 20 mol%.     

Optical method for determining the hardness of metals and alloys

We present an optical method for determining the hardness of metals, based on the correlation between the thermal diffusion coefficient and the hardness of the material. Spatial and temporal modulation localized in the nonstationary thermal wave profiles is transferred to the surface of the metal, where the time evolution of the speckle images produced by a probing laser beam is recorded by a CCD camera. A special algorithm for processing the speckle images allows us to determine the thermal diffusion coefficient. Experimental studies on steel samples confirmed the workability of the proposed method. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 460–465, May–June, 2009.     

基于反射与折射理论的电涡流检测探头阻抗解析模型

应用电磁波的反射与折射理论建立了多层导电结构电涡流检测探头阻抗解析模型.电涡流检测中空间电磁场可看作线圈激励场与涡流场的叠加,而涡流场是线圈激励场的反射与折射效应,因此应用线圈激励场的级数型解析解和电磁波的反射与折射理论推导了级数型探头阻抗解析解.最后,比较了推导的级数型与传统的积分型探头阻抗解析解的计算结果,并进行了实验验证.计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,表明推导的级数型探头阻抗解析解是正确的,且与积分解析解相比具有不需要确定积分上限、耗时少、计算精度容易控制等优点. 关键词： 电涡流检测 多层导电结构 反射与折射理论 探头阻抗     

HL-5霍尔效应测试仪测量滋场曲线存在畸变的分析

在利用HL-5霍尔效应测试仪测量磁场的实验中,发现有些仪器的测量曲线在磁极边缘附近存在畸变．通过磁极表面与磁极之间磁场分布的测量和磁极间磁场的分布规律的计算,分析了曲线产生畸变的原因．     

检测大口径光学平面镜时干涉条纹的子孔径拼接方法

提出了用Ritchey_Common法检测大口径光学平面镜时干涉条纹的子孔径拼接方法。通过确立基准点将多幅子孔径检测数据统一到全口径归一化坐标系下进行拼接,解决了在检验光路中因Ritchey角所引起的投影变形问题和如何消去因被检平面的大曲率所造成的像散。通过Zernike多项式拟合重建连续波面,可恢复全口径波面图像。     

低温微波近场显微镜及其在材料研究中的应用

微波近场技术是研究材料表面区域电磁性质的有效手段,结合低温技术则可将这种技术的应用拓展到更广的范围.本文报道了我们研制的低温扫描微波近场显微镜系统,它由微波近场显微镜和与之配合的可变温样品台构成,可以在液氮温度和室温之间工作.利用该系统我们详细研究了YBaCuO超导薄膜、NdSrMnO磁性薄膜在不同温度条件下的电磁性质,给出了相关实验结果.研究表明微波近场技术与低温技术的结合为电子材料和器件低温下局域电磁性质的研究提供了有力的手段.     

LD加速寿命测试中的积分球扫描法

介绍了半导体激光二极管(LD)寿命测试中存在的问题,并据此给出了LD高温加速寿命测试的积分球扫描法。首先将LD输出的光通过积分球耦合,然后再通过光纤耦合到探测器(PD)上,避免了LD和PD由于同时老化而带来测量不准确的缺陷。采用积分球空间移动扫描测量LD,可实现单个积分球、单个PD对多个LD的测量。